PNF

Question 1

name 3 CT/flexibility techniques

Answer 1

1. static stretching
2. ballistic
3. pnf (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation)

Question 2

what could limit ROM?

Answer 2

swelling, pain, trauma, psychological, congenital/acquired deformities, immobility, posture abnormality, adhesions, muscle tone, contractures, sedentary lifestyle

Question 3

what are contraindications to stretching?

Answer 3

hypermobility
stretch into bony block
acute inflammation
significant hematoma
neuro populations that need tone to function

Question 4

what is the goal of stretching

Answer 4

increase extensibility of muscle tendon unit and periarticular connective tissue

Question 5

indications for stretching

Answer 5

1. decrease in extensibility due to adhesion, contracture, scar tissue formation
2. when restricted motion may lead to deformities that are otherwise preventable
3. as a part of total fitness to prevent injury
4. prior to and after exercise to minimize muscle soreness

Question 6

precautions for stretching

Answer 6

fractures
elderly
weakness

Question 7

key elements of stretching

Answer 7

1. align patient and muscles/joints
2. stabilize attachment site
3. consider osteokinematics/arthrokinematics

Question 8

general procedure of stretching

Answer 8

1. examine thoroughly
2. general warm up to increase blood flow and warm tissue
3. utilize relaxation techniques
4. use a grip technique that is comfortable for the patient

Question 9

advantages of static stretching

Answer 9

less force
least energy
most safe
less effect on A1 and A2 spindle efferent fibers; activation of these fibers increase resistance to stretch

Question 10

procedure for static stretching

Answer 10

1. position patient comfortably
2. take limb to point where gentle stretch is felt
3. hold for 15-60 seconds– takes 90 seconds to create change
4. relax the stretch and repeat

Question 11

procedure for ballistic stretching

Answer 11

1. support patient, ensure comfort
2. move limb until gentle stretch is felt and bounce at end range
3. take care not to be too vigorous

Question 12

steps to consider prior to PNF

Answer 12

1. think of motion that is limited
2. id agonist
3. id antagonist
   - -need to take to end range to have effect

Question 13

hold relax physiological mechanism and description

Answer 13

limb passively moved to new range

-relaxation through reciprocal innervation

Question 14

hold relax agonist contraction steps

Answer 14

1. move to point of limitation
2. submaximal isometric contraction of AGONIST for 7-9 seconds
3. command patient to relax slowly
4. pt moves limb to new range independently
5. repeat

Question 15

HRAC physiological mechanism

Answer 15

reciprocal innervation, stimulating the muscle spindle

Question 16

Contract Relax Steps

Answer 16

1. most effective when limitation is due to tight antagonists
2. move limb to point of limitation
3. maximal antagonist contraction for 7-9 seconds
4. pt slowly relaxes
5. therapist moves limb to new range
6. repeat

Question 17

Contract Relax physiological mechanism

Answer 17

activate antagonist, direct inhibition, autogenic inhibition
stimulate GTO in antagonist
antagonist–muscle being stretched

Question 18

Contract Relax Agonist Contraction

Answer 18

same as CR but limb is actively moved to new range via agonist

Question 19

what kind of force will cause deformatino

Answer 19

low force

Question 20

what kind of force causes tissue failure

Answer 20

high force