PNF Flashcards
name 3 CT/flexibility techniques
- static stretching
- ballistic
- pnf (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation)
what could limit ROM?
swelling, pain, trauma, psychological, congenital/acquired deformities, immobility, posture abnormality, adhesions, muscle tone, contractures, sedentary lifestyle
what are contraindications to stretching?
hypermobility stretch into bony block acute inflammation significant hematoma neuro populations that need tone to function
what is the goal of stretching
increase extensibility of muscle tendon unit and periarticular connective tissue
indications for stretching
- decrease in extensibility due to adhesion, contracture, scar tissue formation
- when restricted motion may lead to deformities that are otherwise preventable
- as a part of total fitness to prevent injury
- prior to and after exercise to minimize muscle soreness
precautions for stretching
fractures
elderly
weakness
key elements of stretching
- align patient and muscles/joints
- stabilize attachment site
- consider osteokinematics/arthrokinematics
general procedure of stretching
- examine thoroughly
- general warm up to increase blood flow and warm tissue
- utilize relaxation techniques
- use a grip technique that is comfortable for the patient
advantages of static stretching
less force
least energy
most safe
less effect on A1 and A2 spindle efferent fibers; activation of these fibers increase resistance to stretch
procedure for static stretching
- position patient comfortably
- take limb to point where gentle stretch is felt
- hold for 15-60 seconds– takes 90 seconds to create change
- relax the stretch and repeat
procedure for ballistic stretching
- support patient, ensure comfort
- move limb until gentle stretch is felt and bounce at end range
- take care not to be too vigorous
steps to consider prior to PNF
- think of motion that is limited
- id agonist
- id antagonist
- -need to take to end range to have effect
hold relax physiological mechanism and description
limb passively moved to new range
-relaxation through reciprocal innervation
hold relax agonist contraction steps
- move to point of limitation
- submaximal isometric contraction of AGONIST for 7-9 seconds
- command patient to relax slowly
- pt moves limb to new range independently
- repeat
HRAC physiological mechanism
reciprocal innervation, stimulating the muscle spindle
Contract Relax Steps
- most effective when limitation is due to tight antagonists
- move limb to point of limitation
- maximal antagonist contraction for 7-9 seconds
- pt slowly relaxes
- therapist moves limb to new range
- repeat
Contract Relax physiological mechanism
activate antagonist, direct inhibition, autogenic inhibition
stimulate GTO in antagonist
antagonist–muscle being stretched
Contract Relax Agonist Contraction
same as CR but limb is actively moved to new range via agonist
what kind of force will cause deformatino
low force
what kind of force causes tissue failure
high force
