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Fundamentals > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main functions of CT

A

support, strength, repair, mechanical connectors

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2
Q

what are the strongest and weakest parts of CT

A

weakest at intersurface

strongest in the middle

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3
Q

what is CT composed of

A

elastin and collagen fibers, ground substance, cells specific to each CT; fibroblasts (osteoblast, chondrocytes)

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4
Q

arrangement of collagen in a tendon

A

parallel, closely packed

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5
Q

arrangement of collagen in a ligament

A

not as parallel, semi-organized

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6
Q

arrangement of collagen in a joint capsule

A

loose weave of fibers

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7
Q

Type I Collagen

A

RESISTS TENSION: ligament, bone, dermis, fibrous cartilage, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, fascia, joint capsule, meniscus, mature scar

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8
Q

Type II Collagen

A

RESIST INTERMITTENT PRESSURE: loosely packed, no fibers; hyaline/elastic cartilage, menisci

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9
Q

Type III Collagen

A

structured maintenance for organs: loosely packed, thin fibrils like smooth muscle

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10
Q

Type IV Collagen

A

support and filtration: thin, amorphous, like basement membrane

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11
Q

how is collagen formed

A

tropocollagen–collagen fibrils–collagen fibers

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12
Q

why is collagen important clinically

A
  • -it aligns based on force and stress

- if no activity, won’t align well–move early

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13
Q

why do we need to understand healing phase of CT

A

know how to improve the phases; progress is predictable, know how strong tissue is at point in time

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14
Q

length of inflammatory phase

A

1-6 days

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15
Q

four signs of inflammatory phase

A

erythema, heat, edema, pain

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16
Q

four phases of inflammatory phase

A

vasoconstriction (decrease blood loss)
vasodilation (increase capillary permeability)
clot formation (platelets first cells to site)
phagocytosis (monocytes–macrophages–phagocytosis)

17
Q

four processes of proliferation phase

A

epithelialization, collagen production, wound contraction, neovascularization

18
Q

epithelialization

A

protects area against infetion–cells form barrier which can resurface area in up to 48h

19
Q

collagen production

A

fibroblasts–procollagen–tropocollagen–collagen fibrils–collagen filaments–collagen fibers.
granulation tissue contains myofibroblasts and new capillaries, type III collagen

20
Q

wound contraction

A

occurs 5 days in, peaks at 2 weeks: myofibroblasts pull inward.

21
Q

primary intention

A

rapidly closed with sutures

22
Q

secondary intention

A

wound closes on own time

23
Q

neovascularization

A

occurs due to angiogenesis; new vascular networks anastamose

24
Q

clinical impact of the proliferation phase

A

the scar will be red, swollen, fragile–worry about adhesion and keeping scar mobile

25
Q

remodeling phase duration

A

12-24 months, most seen in 3-4 months

26
Q

elastic phase

A

where collagen elongates and returns to normal

27
Q

plastic phase

A

where collagen stretched past 4% and causes change

28
Q

viscoelastic properties

A

function of ground substance; duration of load and rate impact a tissues viscoelasticity

29
Q

characteristics of CT: Creep

A

when a constant load is applied and the tissue elongates resulting in permanent deformation that depends on rate and force

30
Q

characteristics of CT: relaxation

A

when tissue is pulled to a fixed length a certain force is needed; as it is held there, the force needed decreases

31
Q

stress

A

resistance of intermolecular bonds to physical deformation with external loads

32
Q

strain

A

amount of displacement a material undergoes when force is applied

33
Q

describe stress-strain curve

A

the stiffer the material the steeper the slope. toe is where the fibers are recruited, elastic is where they become tight plastic is where some fibers begin to fail

34
Q

what influences Connective Tissue

A 
temperature
force magnitude
age
immobilization
inflammation
35
Q

clinical implications of the remodeling phase

A 
prevent/reduce chance of adhesion/contracture
lengthen in immobilization
introduce stress early
introduce movement early
control/reduce inflammation

Fundamentals (6 decks)

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