PNF

Question 0

D2 flexion: upper extremity

Answer 0

Start: glenohumeral medial rotation, adduction, & extension
Finish: glenohumeral lateral rotation, abduction, flexion

Question 1

D1 flexion: upper extremity

Answer 1

Start: glenohumeral medial rotation, abduction, & extension
Finish: glenohumeral lateral rotation, adduction, flexion

Question 2

D1 flexion: lower extremity

Answer 2

Start: hip medial rotation, abduction, extension
Finish: hip lateral rotation, adduction, flexion

Question 3

D2 flexion: lower extremity

Answer 3

Start: hip lateral rotation, adduction, extension
Finish: hip medial rotation, abduction, flexion

Question 4

Agonist Reversal

Answer 4

Indication: weak postural muscles, inability to eccentrically control body weight during movement transitions

Slow isotonic shortening contraction through range
Followed by eccentric lengthening contraction of same muscle group

Question 5

Approximation

Answer 5

Indication: stimulate afferent nerve endings and facilitate postural extensors

Joint compression

Question 6

Contract-Relax

Answer 6

Indication: limited ROM caused by muscle tightness or spasticity

Isotonic movement in rotation followed by isometric hold of range limiting muscles in antagonistic pattern against slowly increasing resistance
Then passive motion and active contraction of the agonistic pattern

Question 7

Hold-Relax

Answer 7

Indication: limitations in ROM due to muscle tightness, spasm, or pain

Isometric contraction of the antagonistic pattern against slowly increasing resistance
Followed by voluntary relaxation and passive movement into newly gained range of agonist pattern

Active contraction of agonists can also be performed and relaxes the antagonist through reciprocal inhibition

Question 8

Repeated Contractions

Answer 8

Indication: weakness, incoordination, muscle imbalances, lack of endurance

Repeated isotonic contractions induced by quick stretches and enhanced by resistance performed through the range or part of range at a point of weakness

Question 9

Rhythmic Initiation

Answer 9

Indication: spasticity, rigidity, hypertonicity, inability to initiate motion, motor learning deficits, communication deficits

Voluntary relaxation followed by passive movement through increasing ROM
Followed by active-assisted contractions progressing to restricted isotonic contractions

Question 10

Rhythmic Stabilization

Answer 10

Indication: instability in weight-bearing & holding, poor antigravity control, weakness, ataxia, limited ROM caused by muscle tightness, painful muscle splinting

Simultaneous isometric contractions of both agonist and antagonist patterns performed without relaxation using careful grading of resistance
Coco traction of opposing muscle groups

Question 11

Slow Reversal

Answer 11

Indication: inability to reverse directions, muscle weakness or imbalance, incoordination, lack of endurance

Alternating isotonic contractions of agonist then antagonist patterns using careful grading of resistance and optimal facilitation

Question 12

Slow Reversal Hold

Answer 12

Indication: inability to reverse directions, muscle weakness or imbalance, incoordination, lack of endurance

Alternating isotonic contractions of agonist then antagonist patterns using careful grading of resistance and optimal facilitation with isometric hold at end of range at a point of weakness