Pneumothorax Flashcards
how does a pneumothorax clinically present
acute onset pleuritic chest pain, SOB, hypoxia
what signs suggest a pneumothorax
tachycardia, hyper-resonant percussion note, reduced expansion, quiet breath sounds on auscultation, hamman’s sign
what is hamman’s sign
click in auscultation of left side
when does a small pneumothorax become a large pneumothorax
when more than 2cm rim of air
where do you measure the width of the rim of air
at the hilar level
how is a primary pneumothorax treated
oxygen, aspiration, chest drain, surgical intervention
when is not treated needed for a primary pneumothorax
when asymptomatic and/or small
what side do you put a chest drain on
both sides
what follow up management is needed for a pneumothorax anf why
risk of recurrence; CXR until resolution, discuss flying and diving, smoking cessation
what can a tension pneumothorax lead to
cardiac arrest
what causes a tension pneumothorax
one way valve, progressively increasing pressure in pleural space
what are the symptoms of a tension pneumothorax
acute respiratory distress, deviated trachea, hypotension, raised JVP, reduced air entry on affected side
what can cause a tension pneumothorax
ventilated patient, trauma, CPR, blocked kinked or misplaced drain, airway disease, hyperbaric treatment
the rupture of pleural blebs (small air filled subplural spaces) causes what
spontaneous pneumothorax
how is a tension pneumothorax treated
needle decompression in the second intercostal space anteriorly mid clavicular line
