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Respiratory II Exam 2 > Pneumonias CIS > Flashcards

Pneumonias CIS Flashcards

1
Q

a Gram – rod that can cause both CAP and nosocomial pneumonia

A

could be klebsiella or pseudomonas

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2
Q

associated with a relative bradycardia in relation to the patients fever.

A

legionella

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3
Q

This organism usually associated with the inhalation of infected excrement from pigeons

A

chlamydia psitacci

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4
Q

This organism is an obligate intracellular that cause pneumonia.

A

chlamydia

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5
Q

an IgM autoantibody that is directed against the I antigen of red blood cells.

A

this test is cold agglutinin, for mycoplasma pneumonia (college dorms, etc.)

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6
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

A

Most common pneumonia in young adults.
Smallest free living organism
No cell wall – No penicillin

go with a macrolide, e.g.

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7
Q

Clinical Manifestations of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

Respiratory tract
- Pharyngitis, laryngitis, acute bronchitis, bronchopneumonia

Skin and mucosa
- Maculopapular and vesicular exanthema, urticarial, purpura, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Central Nervous System
- Meningitis, meningoencephalitis, acute psychosis, cerebritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome

Parenchymatous organs
- Pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, non-specific reactive hepatitis, subacute thyroiditis

Miscellaneous
- Hemolytic anemia, pericarditis, thromboembolism

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8
Q

Sputum specimens are yellow in nature and yield optochin sensitive organisms with a positive Quellung reaction.

A

Strep pneumo

an encapsulated organism, should vaccinate splenectomy patients

and be worried about sickle cell

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9
Q

what is wool-sorter’s disease?

A

anthrax

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10
Q

cave explorers get

A

histo from bats

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11
Q

cat breeders get

A

toxoplasmosis

worry about preggos and HIV +

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12
Q

WHat stains silver and is predisposed in AIDS patients?

A

Pneumo jirovecii

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13
Q

morphology and staining of H flu

A

Gram neg coccobacillus

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14
Q

neisseria gonorrhaeae staining and morphology

A

bean-shaped gram neg diplococci

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15
Q

pneumo jiroveci staining and morph

A

silver stain
cup and saucer

goes well with oral thrush, immunocompromised

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16
Q

Staph aureus stain and morph

A

gram + clusters

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17
Q

Strep pneumo stain and morph

A

gram + encapsolated lancet-shaped diplococci

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18
Q

organs typically affected by cryptococcus?

A

CNS, esp in immunocompromised

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19
Q

what respiratory illness does H flu cause in children?

A

epiglottitis

see a bulge on lateral x-ray (thumb sign)

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20
Q

RSV causes what in young children?

A

bronchiolitis

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21
Q

corona virus causes

A

common cold, SARS, MERS

22
Q

Bactrim- what do we use it for?

A

can be used for pneumocystis prophylaxis

also used on skin infections

23
Q

Clindamycin is used to treat?

A

anaerobes

side effect: c. diff.

24
Q

erythromycin is used for?

A

atypical pneumonias

like legionella

25
Q

methicillin/ nafcillin used for?

A

gram + organisms, esp. staph

if resistant, vancomycin

26
Q

erythema nodosum on the legs can be indicative of what?

A

sarcoidosis, or fungal infection among many other things.

27
Q

Gram negative bacillus that is one of the most common causes of nosocomial pneumonia

A

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

causes green fluorescent sputum

28
Q

Gram negative facultative intracellular bacterium that is transmitted by flea bites

A

yersinia pestis

plague

29
Q

a gram negative coccobacillary rod that, if typable is encapsulated.

A

H flu

could also be bordetella pertussis

30
Q

The most common species of fungus that would cause a “fungus ball” is?

A

Aspergillus flavus

31
Q

Someone has a positive PPD test with no symptoms. What’s the best thing to do?

A

INH for 9 months (isoniazid)

active TB would be INH, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrozytamide for 2 months followed by just 2 of those.

if the redness extends a long way but the edema does not, it’s a negative test.

32
Q

indications for a quantiferon gold test

A

BCG vaccine

same indications as for a PPD

or a close call on the PPD

33
Q

coxsackie virus causes, in children,

A

hand foot and mouth disease

34
Q

adenovirus causes

A

common cold

35
Q

70 year old man presents with a lobar pneumonia on chest x-ray. Sputum gram stain shows a gram negative diplococci.

What is the most likely pathogen?

A

moraxella cattarhalis

can cause ear infections in children

36
Q

drug for prophylaxis for Influenza B?

A

Oseltamivir (trade name: tamiflu)

37
Q

Ziehl Nielssen stain =

A

acid fast stain

38
Q

. Ethambutol side effects

A

difficulty with her vision and a complaint of a spinning sensation.

On examination you notice vertical nystagmus.

39
Q

significance of polyurethane foam work?

A

can –> hypersensitivity pneumonitis

40
Q

Reading the PPD: 5 mm is positive in

A

HIV positive person
Recent close contacts of TB case
Persons with nodular or fibrotic changes on chest x-ray consistent with old healed TB
Patients with organ transplants and other immunosuppressed patients

41
Q

Reading the PPD: 1mm is positive in

A

Recent arrivals (less than 5 years) from endemic countries
Injection drug users
Residents and employees of high risk congregate settings (e.g. prisons, nursing homes, hospitals, homeless shelters, etc.).
Mycobacteriology lab personnel
Persons with clinical conditions that place them at high risk (e.g. diabetics, prolonged steroid therapy, leukemia, end-stage renal dx, chronic malabsorption syndromes, low body weight, etc.)

42
Q

Reading the PPD: 15 mm or more is positive in

A

Persons with no known risk factors for TB

43
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A

peripheral neuropathy

use vitamin B6 to counteract it

44
Q

india ink stain is for?

A

cryptococcus

45
Q

toxoplasmosis in an HIV pt would be seen as

A

ring-enhancing lesion on the brain

46
Q

HIV pt with diarrhea could have

A

Mycobacterium Avian complex

47
Q

most common cause of post influenza bacterial pneumonia

A

Staphylococcus aureus

48
Q

An organism without a cell wall

A

mycoplasma

49
Q

An alpha-hemolytic gram positive organism

A

streptococcus

50
Q

An aerobic gram positive bacteria that forms spores.

A

anthrax

51
Q

An intracellular pathogenic bacteria similar to rickettsia, but with genetic and physiologic differences.

A

coxiella burnetti

Respiratory II Exam 2 (21 decks)

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