Pneumonias Flashcards
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
Typical and Atypical
Typical CAP
Strep. pneumoniae
H-flu
Staph. aureus
Moraxella catarrhalis
Atypical CAP
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Pseudomonas Virus
Strep Pneumoniae
AKA Pneumococcal
Most common CAP
Gram positive in chains
RUST COLORED SPUTUM
Lower lobe consolidation
Strep Pneumonia treatment
Amoxacillin
Azithromycin
Haemophilus influenzae
Occurs in elderly pts with underlying pulmonary disease
Gram negative rods
2nd most common pneumonia cause
Causes epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenza treatment
Augmentin
Ciprofloxacin
Staph Aureus
Elder/younger recovering from influenza virus
Gram positive cocci
Post influenza, forms abscesses and necrotizing cavitations
Short prodrome w/ fever -> rapid respiratory onset with diarrhea
Staph aureus treatment
No MRSA - Azithromycin
MRSA - Vancomycin or Doxycycline
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
Fungal infection - doesnt respond to antifungals
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
Silver stain
Perihilar infiltrates
PCP treatment
1st line: Bactrim - double strength
2nd line: Clindamycin
Mycoplasma pneumonia
No cell well
Low grade fever and muscle pain, commonly after sickness
college and military
CXR: interstitial and pleural infiltrates
Mycoplasma pneumonia treatment
Doxy
Erythromycin
Legionella pneumonia
Gram negative rod
resides in alveolar macrophages
CXR shows patchy infiltrates
AMS, diarrhea, hyponatremia, HA, high fever
Elderly, alcoholics, aspiration
Legionella pneumonia treatment
Fluroquinolone
Macrolide (Azitrhomycin)
Chlamydia pneumonia
Gram negative diplococci
college/military/elderly
common in winter
asymptomatic, low grade fever, cough, no consolidation
Chlamydia pneumonia treatment
Doxycycline
Macrolide (Azithro)
Tuberculosis pneumonia
Acid-fast rod
primarily in lung apex
weight loss, night sweats, hemopytsis, +travel history
Tuberculosis pneumonia treatment
Isonazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Streptomycin
Pseudomonas pneumonia
Gram negative
CF, Immunocompromised, Ventilated
HAP also
Purulent green sweet smelling sputum, shaking chills, confusion
Pseudomonas pneumonia treatment
Zosyn (Piperacillin and Tazobactam)
Ciprofloxacin
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Alchoholics, COPD, Diabetes (immunosuppressed)
Gram negative rod
Red-currant jelly sputum
Encapsulated - careful w/ asplenics
rapid onset, destroys lung tissue, abscess formation/cavitation
high fever, shaking chills, flu-like, productive cough
Cephalosporins
Bactrim
Fluroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
