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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit

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2
Q

Aminoglycoside side effects

A

~BBW~ Nephrotoxicity (reversible) Ototoxicity (irreversible) Neuromuscular Blockade (reversible) Neurotoxicity

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3
Q

Aminoglycoside monitoring

A

Peaks & troughs

Monitor renal function throughout

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4
Q

Fluroquinolone MOA

A

Inhibit DNA replication

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5
Q

Fluroquinolone side effects

A

~BBW~ tendon rupture (>60 yo, steroids, transplant)

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6
Q

Fluroquinolone contraindications

A

Pregnancy

Lactation

CYP450 inhibitor = lots of drug interactions

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7
Q

Sulfonamide MOA

A

inhibit folic acid synthesis

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8
Q

Sulfonamide side effects

A

Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Sulfa rash

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9
Q

Nitrofuran MOA

A

Prevent cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

DNA stand breakage

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11
Q

Metronidazole side effects

A

~BBW~ possible carcinogen

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12
Q

Fluroquinolone indications

A

Pseudomonas

Moxifloxacin

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13
Q

Sulfonamide indications

A

MRSA

UTIs

can penetrate CNS

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14
Q

Metronidazole and indications

A

Flagyl

C. diff - first line

Bacterial vaginosis

Trichomoiasis (anaerobic)

Helicobacter pylori

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15
Q

PCN (all) MOA

A

Inhibit peptidoglycan linkage for cell wall synthesis

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16
Q

PCN-G indications

A

Sepsis

Endocarditis

Meningitis

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17
Q

PCN-G contraindications

A

Do not give with BCG

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18
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCNs

A

Dicloxiacillin

Oxacillin

Nafcillin

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19
Q

PCN-Gs

A

Betrizathine

Procaine

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20
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCN MOA

A

Synthetic beta-lactamase inhibition

Use for beta-lactamases

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21
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCN indications

A

Staph

Strep

Pneumococci

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22
Q

2nd generation PCNs

A

Ampicillin

Amoxacillin

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23
Q

2nd generation PCN indications

A

Sepsis

Endocarditis

Meningitis

Better absorbed than PCN-G

24
Q

3rd generation PCNS

A

Carbenicillin

Ticaracilllin

25
Q

3rd generation PCN indications

A

Hospitalized pneumonias

26
Q

4th generation PCNs

A

Piperacillin

27
Q

1st generation Cephalosporins

A

Cefadroxil

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Cefazolin (Ancef)

28
Q

1st generation Cephalosporin indications

A

Good G+ activity, anaerobic coccii

Cellulitis - complicated (cefazolin) or uncomplicated (cephalexin)

Strep

Staph but not MRSA

Peptococcus

Peptostreptococcus

29
Q

1st generation Cephalosporin side effects

A

GI

Allergic reaction

May cause C. diff colitis

30
Q

2nd generation Cephalosporins and indications

A

Cefoxitin - GI surgery prophylaxis, peritonitis, diverticulitis

Cefuroxine - sinusitis, otitis, RTI, community pneumonia

31
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporins and indications

A

Ceftriaxone - DOC gonorrhea, pseudomonas

Cefotaxine - meningitis

32
Q

4th generation Cephalosporins and indications

A

Cefepime - meningitis, sepsis

Penetrates BBB well

33
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin side effects

A

Rash

N/V

Elevated LFTs

Eosinophilia

Headache

34
Q

4th generation Cephalosporin side effects

A

Diarrhea

N/V

HA

Rash

35
Q

3rd and 4th gen Cephalosporin general points

A

DOC for G- meningitis

Aminoglycoside alternative

Pseudomonas - use combo therapy to prevent resistance

36
Q

Carbapenems and indications

A

Beta lactams, good for resistant strains when nothing else works

Meropenem - meningitis

Imipenem/cilastatin - intra-abdominal infection, resistant UTIs, Pseudomonas (+/- aminoglycosides)

37
Q

Carbapenem side effects

A

Imipenem - Renal failure & seizures

N/V

Diarrhea

Rash

38
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis

39
Q

Tetracyclines and indications

A

Doxycycline - STIs, atypical penumonias, chronic bronchitis

-Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydiae, Rickettsia, Lyme disease

Minocycline - acne

Democlocycline - SIADH

40
Q

Tetracycline side effects and contraindications

A

CI with pregnancy & lactation

Teeth staining in pts <8 yo

Phototoxicity - severe sunburns w/ UV exposure

Vestibular issues - dizziness, N/V

Only doxy can be used w/ renal/hepatic impairment

41
Q

Macrolide MOA

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - bind to 50S subunit

42
Q

Macrolides and indications

A

Erythromycin - Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Legionella pneumonias

Azithromycin - H. flu and M. cat, Chlamydia UTIs

Clarithromycin - Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella, and H. flu

43
Q

Macrolide side effects

A

Erythro and Clarithro are CYP450 inhibitors

Diarrhea (esp w/ erythro)

Ototoxicity @ high doses

Prolonged QT

44
Q

Chloramphenicol MOA

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - bind 50S ribosome

45
Q

Chloramphenicol side effects

A

VERY HIGH TOXICITY - only use in life-threatening infections w/ no alternative

Grey Baby Syndrome

Aplastic Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia

46
Q

Chloramphenicol indications

A

ONLY USE AS LAST RESORT

very broad activity including anaerobes

Not effective against Pseudomonas or Chlamydiae

47
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - bind to 50S ribosome

48
Q

Clindamycin indications

A

Excellent against all anaerobes except C. diff

Gut infections

Penetrating abdomen/gut wounds

Vaginal tract

49
Q

Clindamycin side effects

A

Increased risk of causing C. diff overgrowth ->pseudomembranous colitis

50
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin

Tobramycin

Amikacin

Streptomycin

Neomycin

51
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

Moxifloxacin

Gemifloxacin

Norfloxacin

Oflaxacin

52
Q

Fluroquinolone indications

A

Aerobic Gram -

Pseudomonas (cipro and levo)

Gram positive + strep (levo, moxi,gem)

Anaerobic (moxi)

DOC for Urinary tract, Pneumonia, STIs, Traveler’s diarrhea

53
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) - Bactrim

54
Q

Sulfonamide indications

A

P. Jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)

UTI

Toxoplasmosis

MRSA

55
Q

Nitrofurantoin and indication

A

Macrobid

Uncomplicated UTIs

Emerging Enterobacter and Klebsiella resistance

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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