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Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit

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2
Q

Aminoglycoside side effects

A

~BBW~ Nephrotoxicity (reversible) Ototoxicity (irreversible) Neuromuscular Blockade (reversible) Neurotoxicity

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3
Q

Aminoglycoside monitoring

A

Peaks & troughs

Monitor renal function throughout

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4
Q

Fluroquinolone MOA

A

Inhibit DNA replication

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5
Q

Fluroquinolone side effects

A

~BBW~ tendon rupture (>60 yo, steroids, transplant)

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6
Q

Fluroquinolone contraindications

A

Pregnancy

Lactation

CYP450 inhibitor = lots of drug interactions

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7
Q

Sulfonamide MOA

A

inhibit folic acid synthesis

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8
Q

Sulfonamide side effects

A

Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Sulfa rash

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9
Q

Nitrofuran MOA

A

Prevent cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

DNA stand breakage

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11
Q

Metronidazole side effects

A

~BBW~ possible carcinogen

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12
Q

Fluroquinolone indications

A

Pseudomonas

Moxifloxacin

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13
Q

Sulfonamide indications

A

MRSA

UTIs

can penetrate CNS

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14
Q

Metronidazole and indications

A

Flagyl

C. diff - first line

Bacterial vaginosis

Trichomoiasis (anaerobic)

Helicobacter pylori

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15
Q

PCN (all) MOA

A

Inhibit peptidoglycan linkage for cell wall synthesis

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16
Q

PCN-G indications

A

Sepsis

Endocarditis

Meningitis

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17
Q

PCN-G contraindications

A

Do not give with BCG

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18
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCNs

A

Dicloxiacillin

Oxacillin

Nafcillin

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19
Q

PCN-Gs

A

Betrizathine

Procaine

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20
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCN MOA

A

Synthetic beta-lactamase inhibition

Use for beta-lactamases

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21
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCN indications

A

Staph

Strep

Pneumococci

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22
Q

2nd generation PCNs

A

Ampicillin

Amoxacillin

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23
Q

2nd generation PCN indications

A

Sepsis

Endocarditis

Meningitis

Better absorbed than PCN-G

24
Q

3rd generation PCNS

A

Carbenicillin

Ticaracilllin

25
3rd generation PCN indications
Hospitalized pneumonias
26
4th generation PCNs
Piperacillin
27
1st generation Cephalosporins
Cefadroxil Cephalexin (Keflex) Cefazolin (Ancef)
28
1st generation Cephalosporin indications
Good G+ activity, anaerobic coccii Cellulitis - complicated (cefazolin) or uncomplicated (cephalexin) Strep Staph but not MRSA Peptococcus Peptostreptococcus
29
1st generation Cephalosporin side effects
GI Allergic reaction May cause C. diff colitis
30
2nd generation Cephalosporins and indications
Cefoxitin - GI surgery prophylaxis, peritonitis, diverticulitis Cefuroxine - sinusitis, otitis, RTI, community pneumonia
31
3rd generation Cephalosporins and indications
Ceftriaxone - DOC gonorrhea, pseudomonas Cefotaxine - meningitis
32
4th generation Cephalosporins and indications
Cefepime - meningitis, sepsis Penetrates BBB well
33
3rd generation Cephalosporin side effects
Rash N/V Elevated LFTs Eosinophilia Headache
34
4th generation Cephalosporin side effects
Diarrhea N/V HA Rash
35
3rd and 4th gen Cephalosporin general points
DOC for G- meningitis Aminoglycoside alternative Pseudomonas - use combo therapy to prevent resistance
36
Carbapenems and indications
Beta lactams, good for resistant strains when nothing else works Meropenem - meningitis Imipenem/cilastatin - intra-abdominal infection, resistant UTIs, Pseudomonas (+/- aminoglycosides)
37
Carbapenem side effects
Imipenem - Renal failure & seizures N/V Diarrhea Rash
38
Tetracycline MOA
Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis
39
Tetracyclines and indications
Doxycycline - STIs, atypical penumonias, chronic bronchitis -Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydiae, Rickettsia, Lyme disease Minocycline - acne Democlocycline - SIADH
40
Tetracycline side effects and contraindications
CI with pregnancy & lactation Teeth staining in pts \<8 yo Phototoxicity - severe sunburns w/ UV exposure Vestibular issues - dizziness, N/V Only doxy can be used w/ renal/hepatic impairment
41
Macrolide MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor - bind to 50S subunit
42
Macrolides and indications
Erythromycin - Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Legionella pneumonias Azithromycin - H. flu and M. cat, Chlamydia UTIs Clarithromycin - Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella, and H. flu
43
Macrolide side effects
Erythro and Clarithro are CYP450 inhibitors Diarrhea (esp w/ erythro) Ototoxicity @ high doses Prolonged QT
44
Chloramphenicol MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor - bind 50S ribosome
45
Chloramphenicol side effects
VERY HIGH TOXICITY - only use in life-threatening infections w/ no alternative Grey Baby Syndrome Aplastic Anemia Hemolytic Anemia
46
Chloramphenicol indications
ONLY USE AS LAST RESORT very broad activity including anaerobes Not effective against Pseudomonas or Chlamydiae
47
Clindamycin MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor - bind to 50S ribosome
48
Clindamycin indications
Excellent against all anaerobes except C. diff Gut infections Penetrating abdomen/gut wounds Vaginal tract
49
Clindamycin side effects
Increased risk of causing C. diff overgrowth -\>pseudomembranous colitis
50
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin Tobramycin Amikacin Streptomycin Neomycin
51
Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Gemifloxacin Norfloxacin Oflaxacin
52
Fluroquinolone indications
Aerobic Gram - Pseudomonas (cipro and levo) Gram positive + strep (levo, moxi,gem) Anaerobic (moxi) DOC for Urinary tract, Pneumonia, STIs, Traveler's diarrhea
53
Sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) - Bactrim
54
Sulfonamide indications
P. Jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) UTI Toxoplasmosis MRSA
55
Nitrofurantoin and indication
Macrobid Uncomplicated UTIs Emerging Enterobacter and Klebsiella resistance

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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