Pneumonia Flashcards
1
Q
pneumonia cause
A
microbial organism
2
Q
3 ways organisms reach lungs
A
- aspiration
- inhalation
- hematogenous
3
Q
Community acquired pneumonia
A
- lower respiratory infection of lung
- smoking = RF
- not hospital acquired
4
Q
Medical Care Associated Pneumonia
A
- hospital acquired
- 48hrs or longer after admission
- RF: immunosuppressives, debility, intubation
- other: ventilator associated
5
Q
Aspiration Pneumonia
A
- sequelae
- entry into lower airway
- history of loss of consciousness
- RF: tube feeding
- forms: mechanical, chemical, bacterial
6
Q
Opportunistic Pneumonia
A
- bacterial & viral causative agents
- PCP
- risks: protein malnutrition, immune deficiencies, chemo recipients, long term corticosteroids
7
Q
Stage 1
A
Congestion from outpouring of fluid to alveoli
Organisms multiply
Infection spreads
Interferes with lung function
8
Q
Stage 2
A
red hepatization
- dilation of capillaries
- alveoli filled
- red & granular lungs
9
Q
Stage 3
A
Gray hepatization
↓ Blood flow
Leukocyte and fibrin consolidate in affected part of lung
10
Q
Stage 4
A
Resolution and healing if no complications
Exudate lysed and processed by macrophages
Tissue restored
11
Q
Clinical Manifestations
A
- sudden
- fever
- chills
- productive cough of purulent sputum
- pleuritic chest pain
12
Q
Physical Findings
A
- dullness to percussion
- increased fremitus
- bronchial breath sounds
- crackles
13
Q
Atypical Manifestions
A
- gradual
- dry cough
- extrapulmonary
- crackles
- confusion/stupor: older
14
Q
What can primary pneumonia be caused by?
A
the flu
15
Q
Care
A
- antibiotics
- O2
- analgesics
- antipyretics
- fluid & calorie intake
- limited activity
