Pneumonia Flashcards
pneumonia cause
microbial organism
3 ways organisms reach lungs
- aspiration
- inhalation
- hematogenous
Community acquired pneumonia
- lower respiratory infection of lung
- smoking = RF
- not hospital acquired
Medical Care Associated Pneumonia
- hospital acquired
- 48hrs or longer after admission
- RF: immunosuppressives, debility, intubation
- other: ventilator associated
Aspiration Pneumonia
- sequelae
- entry into lower airway
- history of loss of consciousness
- RF: tube feeding
- forms: mechanical, chemical, bacterial
Opportunistic Pneumonia
- bacterial & viral causative agents
- PCP
- risks: protein malnutrition, immune deficiencies, chemo recipients, long term corticosteroids
Stage 1
Congestion from outpouring of fluid to alveoli
Organisms multiply
Infection spreads
Interferes with lung function
Stage 2
red hepatization
- dilation of capillaries
- alveoli filled
- red & granular lungs
Stage 3
Gray hepatization
↓ Blood flow
Leukocyte and fibrin consolidate in affected part of lung
Stage 4
Resolution and healing if no complications
Exudate lysed and processed by macrophages
Tissue restored
Clinical Manifestations
- sudden
- fever
- chills
- productive cough of purulent sputum
- pleuritic chest pain
Physical Findings
- dullness to percussion
- increased fremitus
- bronchial breath sounds
- crackles
Atypical Manifestions
- gradual
- dry cough
- extrapulmonary
- crackles
- confusion/stupor: older
What can primary pneumonia be caused by?
the flu
Care
- antibiotics
- O2
- analgesics
- antipyretics
- fluid & calorie intake
- limited activity
Amoxicillin
-check for penicillin allergy
watch for anaphylaxis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
Azithromycin
- watch for N/V, diarrhea, stomach pain, superinfections
- take 1 before or 2 hrs after food/antacids
