Pneumonia Flashcards
Common symptoms of CAP?
Productive cough
Purulent sputum
Dyspnoea
Pleuritic chest pain
Atypical symptoms of CAP?
Dry cough Diarrhoea and abdominal pain Ear pain Myalgia Arthralgia
What are the signs of CAP?
Tachypnoea, Tachycardia, Hypotension, pyrexia, cyanosis
Decreased chest expansion, increased tactile fremitus, increased vocal resonance, dullness on percussion, increased breath sounds, coarse crepitations.
Complications of CAP?
Lung failure Parapneumonic effusion/ empyema Lung abscess Sepsis Acute confusion Exacerbation of underlying co-morbidity Tachyarrhythmias
Pathogens in CAP?
Usually: S. pneumoniae H. influenzae S. aureus Influenza virus
Atypical:
C. pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophilliae
What diagnostic tests could you carry out to investigate CAP?
Blood tests - FBC, UandE, LFT's, CRP, Glucose Microbiology - Blood culture, Urinary antigen testing (for legionella and strep pneumo) Radiology - CXR
Basic principles in managing asthma?
Early appropriate antibiotics
Maintain BP
Maintain oxygenation
Consider steroids if obstructive lung disease
What is an empyema?
Collection of pus within the pleural cavity
How to treat an empyema?
Chest drain
IV antibiotics (e.g Piptazobactam)
Surgical decortication
CXR appearance of lobar pneumonia?
Lobar consolidation. Starts distally.
CXR appearance of bronchopneumonia?
Patchy infiltrates. Starts proximally in bronchioles.
CXR appearance of atypical pneumonia?
Thread-like opacities (reticulonodular pattern)
