LRTI's

Question 1

How do patients tend to present with pneumonia?

Answer 1

Systemic symptoms. 
Dyspnoea 
Tachypnoea 
Haemoptysis. 
Pleuritic chest pain. 
Cough (often productive)

Question 2

How to diagnose pneumonia?

Answer 2

Clinical history and exam 
Blood culture 
Sputum culture 
Urinary antigen (for legionella or pneumococcus) 
Nasal swab (for influenza)
WCC 
Inflamm markers. 
CXR.

Question 3

Risk factors for HAP?

Answer 3

General anaesthesia. 
Decreased lvl of consciousness.
Surgery 
Opiate analgesics 
Mechanical ventilation. 
Immunosuppression.

Question 4

Definition of VAP?

Answer 4

Type of HAP that occurs 48 hrs after endotracheal intubation.

Question 5

Treatment of strep pneumo?

Answer 5

IV Benzyl pen or PO Amoxicillin.

Ceftriaxone if penicillin resistant.

Question 6

Treatment of strep pneumo?

Answer 6

IV Benzyl pen or PO Amoxicillin.

IV Ceftriaxone if penicillin resistant.

Question 7

Microbiological features of Haemophilus influenza?

Answer 7

Gram neg bacilli/coccobacilli

Requires Choc agar (X Factor and V factor)

Question 8

Treatment of HI?

Answer 8

Co-amoxiclav. (if resistant to penicillins)

Question 9

Antibiotic treatment of atypical pneumonia?

Answer 9

Macrolides, Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones

Question 10

Clinical presentation of TB?

Answer 10

Productive cough 
Haemoptysis 
Drenching night sweats 
Weight loss 
Anorexia

Question 11

IPC for TB?

Answer 11

Airborne precautions

Question 12

Most common causes of HAP and VAP?

Answer 12

Gram neg bacilli
Staph aureus
Legionella
Viruses

Question 13

Refer to CURB 65 table (slide 36)

Answer 13

Refer to CURB 65 table (slide 36)

Question 14

Refer to common causes of CAP, VAP, HAP.

Answer 14

Refer to common causes of CAP, VAP, HAP.