pneumonia Flashcards
1
Q
pneumonia
A
inflammation of the lung parenchyma - when defence mechanisms are incompetent or insufficient due to virulence
2
Q
what normal defence mechanisms are there in the body to protect agains pneumonia?
A
filtration of air, warming of inspired air, epiglottis closure, cough reflex, clearly escalator mechanism, IgA secretion, alveolar macrophages
3
Q
risk factors for getting peumonia
A
- decreased LOC (depress cough and epiglottal reflexes)
- tracheal intubation
- mucociliary escalator system impaired by pollution or cigarette smoke
- altered oropharyngeal flora secondary to abx therapy
4
Q
types of pneumonia
A
- community-acquired: occurs within first 2 days of hospital admission
- hospital acquired: after 48 hours of being admitted to hospital
- aspiration: abnormal entry of secretions into airway
- opportunistic: affects those with altered immune response
5
Q
clinical manifestations of pneumonia
A
sudden onset; fever, chills, productive cough (purulent), confusion or stupor, consolidation and crackles
6
Q
diagnosis of pneumonia
A
chest xray, sputum cultures, ABG’s
7
Q
collaborative care
A
- abx therapy, oxygen, antipyretics
- pneumococcal vaccine
- drug therapy
- nutritional therapy (3L of water/day)
8
Q
who should get the pneumococcal vaccine?
A
- the elderly, chronically ill, someone recovering from illness, someone living in LTC
9
Q
nursing management for pneumonia - health promotion
A
- good oral hygiene, diet, exercise and rest
- avoid URI exposure, or treat promptly
- encourage to receive flu and pneumococcal vaccine
- in hospital - prevent pooling of secretions, cut upright
- strict aseptic technique
