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Acute > acid-base imbalances > Flashcards

acid-base imbalances Flashcards

1
Q

what disease processes commonly have acid-base imbalances?

A

diabetes, COPD, kidney disease, vomiting and diarrhea, hypoxia

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2
Q

what group has the toughest time compensating for imbalances?

A

older adult - decreasing function of renal and rest systems

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3
Q

what 3 mechanisms regulate pH?

A
  1. buffers (convert strong acid to weak acid, neutralize bases)
  2. respiratory system (removes CO2 and water)
  3. renal system (kidneys reabsorb bicarbonate, eliminate hydrogen ions)
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4
Q

how long does it take for buffers to act?

A

immediately

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5
Q

how long does it take for the respiratory system to act?

A

responds in minutes

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6
Q

how long does it take for the renal system to act?

A

2-3 days

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7
Q

which substance does the body buffer more effectively?

A

acids over bases

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8
Q

how does the respiratory system regulate imbalances?

A

through hyper and hypoventilation (removal or conservation of CO2)

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9
Q

what acid or base does respiratory compromise?

A

CO2

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10
Q

what acid or base does metabolic compromise?

A

HCO3

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11
Q

how is acidosis caused?

A
  • increase in CO2

- decrease in HCO3

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12
Q

how is alkalosis caused?

A
  • decrease in CO2

- increase in HCO3

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13
Q

respiratory acidosis

A
  • CO2 retention from hypoventilation
  • compensatory réponse to HCO3 retention by kidneys
  • increased carbonic acid
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14
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A
  • increased CO2 excretion from hyperventilation
  • compensatory response to HCO3 excretion by kidneys
  • decreased carbonic acid
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15
Q

metabolic acidosis

A
  • gain of fixed acid, inability to excrete acid
  • compensatory response of CO2 excretion by lungs
  • bicarbonate deficiency
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16
Q

metabolic alkalosis

A
  • compensatory response of CO2 retention by lungs

- loss of acid or gain of base

17
Q

steps to evaluating blood gas values

A
  1. determine if pH is acidic or alkalotic
  2. determine if CO2 is acidic or alkalotic
  3. determine if HCO3 is acidic or alkalotic
  4. determine if HCO3 or CO2 matches the pH reading
  5. decide if the body is compensating (uncut, partial, comp)
18
Q

treatment for mild acid-base imbalances

A

oral fluid and electrolytes replacement - water, electrolytes and glucose

19
Q

how to tell if the body is trying to compensate

A
  • if the pH, HCO3 AND CO2 are abnormal – partial compensation
  • if the pH is normal, and HCO3 AND CO2 are abnormal – compensated
  • if the pH is abnormal, and either the HCO3 OR CO2 are abnormal – uncompensated

Acute (7 decks)

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