Pneumonia Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
Inflammation of the substances of the lungs (LRTI with signs of consolidation on CXR)
Name the three main causes of pneumonia in adults?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (atypical) - extremes of age
Name two common causes of pneumonia in hospital acquired infections?
Staph aureus
Gram (-ve) enterrobacteria
Anatomically speaking which areas of the lungs are most at risk from aspiration pneumonia?
R middle
R lower lobe
Name 7 risk factors associated with developing pneumonia?
Age (over 65/under5) Occupation Recent viral illness Immunocomprimised Malnutrition Air conditioning (legionella) DM - klebsiella
What is characteristic about the sputum from pneumonia?
Rusty coloured
What is characteristic about the fever within pneumonia?
If swinging = empyema
If more dominant - more likely viral cause
O/E what signs may be found in a patient with pneumonia?
Tachypnoea Tachycardia Cyanosis Course crackles Signs of consolidation
Name 5 clinical signs of consolidation?
Dull percussion note Decreased chest expansion Increased vocal resonance Bronchial breathing Pleural rub`
Describe CURB65?
Confusion
Urea >7
Respiratory rate >30
BP
In moderate/severe cases of pneumonia - urinary antigens are tested for which two pathogens?
Legionella
Pneumococcal
Pneumonia is automatically classified as severe under which four categories?
W/o fever in elderly
Staph aureus
Multi-lobar
Decreased albumin (LFTs)
Describe pneumonia caused by legionella? (4)
Traveller related
Associated with diarrhoea and vomiting
Increased createnine kinase
Young smokers
Describe pneumonia caused by staph aureus?
Co-incidental with viral influenza infection 50%
Describe pneumonia caused by chlamydia pneumoniae?
Endemic in communities
Carried by birds
Associated with headaches
