Pneumonia

Question 1

epidemiology of Pneumonia?

Answer 1

any age
>30 yrs more frequent
developing populations

Question 2

aetiology of Pneumonia

Answer 2

especially infants, young children and the elderly.
Lifestyle: smoking, alcohol.
Preceding viral infections - eg, influenza predisposing to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
Respiratory: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), malignancy, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis.
Immunosuppression - AIDS, cytotoxic therapy

Question 3

pathogenesis of Pneumonia?

Answer 3

immune compromised, bacterial infection takes hold
different bacterial
M. pneumoniae
C. pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila (worst)

Question 4

natural history

Answer 4

1-3 days incubation

Question 5

symptoms

Answer 5

look unwell
productive cough, fever, chills, fatigue, dyspnoea,
Sputum- pus/blood/rusty
The elderly may present with mainly systemic complaints of malaise, fatigue, anorexia and myalgia.
Young children may present with nonspecific symptoms or abdominal pain
Pleuritic CHEST PAIN

Question 6

signs

Answer 6

tachypnoea, bronchial breathing, crepitations, pleural rub, dullness with percussion.

Question 7

complications

Answer 7

Pleural effusion that is usually sterile.
Empyema: a reactive effusion can occur but is trivial. Empyema is potentially more serious and presents as the persistence of fever and leukocytosis after 4-5 days of appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Lung abscess
Pneumatocele.
Pneumothorax.
Pyopneumothorax - eg, following rupture of a staphylococcal lung abscess in the pleural cavity.
DVT
Infection spread - blood/heart/bone/jts, cerebral abscess, meningitis .
Postinfective bronchiectasis.
Acute kidney injury.

Question 8

prognosis

Answer 8

antibiotics