Pneumonia Flashcards
1
Q
Definition of CAP
A
- Not in hospital/long-term care facility in last 14 days
- LRTI with:
- ≥1 systemic presentation or temperature >38oC
- New CXR infiltrate
2
Q
Causes of CAP
A
- Bacterial:
- Strep. pneumoniae
- H. influenzae
- *M. catarrhalis *
- Viral:
- Influenza
- RSV
3
Q
Symptoms of CAP
A
- Productive cough
- Dyspnoea
- Chills and fever
- Pleuritic chest pain
4
Q
Signs of CAP
A
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnoea
- Crackles
- Dull percussion
- Increased vocal resonance
- Bronchial breath sounds
5
Q
Management of CAP
A
- Amoxicillin
- Doxycycline
- Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime
- Azithromycin
6
Q
Definition of atypical pneumonia
A
Caused by atypical organisms:
- Not detectable on Gram stain
- Cannot be cultured using standard methods
7
Q
Causes of atypical pneumonia
A
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Legionella pneumoniae
8
Q
Symptoms of atypical pneumonia and causative organisms
A
- Dry cough
- Headache (M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae)
- Diarrhoea (L. pneumoniae)
9
Q
Signs of atypical pneumoniae
A
- Low-grade fever
10
Q
Management of atypical pneumonia
A
- Azithromycin
- Doxycycline
11
Q
Definition of HAP
A
Acquired after ≥48 hours of admission to hospital
12
Q
Causes of HAP
A
- Gram-negative bacilli:
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- E. coli
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Gram-positive cocci:
- Staph. aureus
13
Q
Management of HAP
A
- Amoxicillin+clavulanate
- Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime
- Piperacillin+tazobactam
14
Q
IR GAS POO
Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia
A
(IR GAS POO):
- Intubation
- Recumbent position
- GI disease - GORD, hiatal hernia
- Altered mental status/consciousness - alcohol, drugs, anaesthesia
- Swallowing dysfunction - stroke
- Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Old age
15
Q
Causes of aspiration pneumonia
A
Anaerobic oral flora ± aerobes
