Lung cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Proportion of lung cancers attributed to SCLC and NSCLC
A
- SCLC - 15%
- NSCLC - 75%
2
Q
Risk factors of lung cancer
A
- Smoking, passive smoking
- Environmental exposure (e.g. asbestos, nickel)
- Radon exposure
- FHx
- EGFR mutation - non-smoking Asian women in NSCLC
3
Q
Cellular derivation of each type of lung cancer
A
- SCLC - neuroendocrine (oat) cells
- Adenocarcinoma - mucus-secreting glandular cells
- Squamous cell carcinoma - epithelial cells associated with keratin production
- Large cell carcinoma - atypical cells without gland formation or keratinisation
4
Q
Area of lung affected in each type of lung cancer
A
- Central - SCLC, squamous cell carcinoma
- Peripheral - adenocarcinoma
5
Q
Types of lung cancer with smokers and non-smokers
A
- Smokers - SCLC
- Non-smokers - adenocarcinoma
6
Q
Symptoms of lung cancer
A
- Persistent cough >3 months
- Haemoptysis
- Weight loss
- Dyspnoea
- Chest pain
- Bone pain
- Hoarseness
- Fatigue
7
Q
Signs of lung cancer
A
- Respiratory distress
- Dull percussion and absent breath sounds (due to pleural effusion)
- Clubbing
- Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
8
Q
Investigations for lung cancer
A
- CXR - pulmonary nodule, pleural effusion
- CT - extent of disease
- Bronchoscopy (biopsy, brush/lavage, needle)
- CT-guided biopsy
- PET-CT - extent of disease
9
Q
Management of lung cancer
A
- SCLC:
- Chemotherapy ± radiotherapy
- NSCLC:
- Based on staging:
- I - surgery
- II - surgery + chemotherapy
- III - chemotherapy + surgery + radiotherapy
- IV - radiotherapy + chemotherapy (palliative)
- Based on staging:
10
Q
Buzzword symptom of adenocarcinoma
A
Voluminous watery sputum
11
Q
Paraneoplastic syndrome of SCLC
A
- SIADH
- Cushing’s syndrome (ectopic ACTH)
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
12
Q
Paraneoplastic syndrome of SCC
A
Hypercalcaemia
13
Q
Timing of metastases in each type of lung cancer
A
- SCLC - early
- Adenocarcinoma - early
- SCC - late
