Pneumonia

Question 1

CAP typical pneumonia often cause by

Answer 1

Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common)

Question 2

CAP atypical pneumonia often cause by

Answer 2

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (most common in the ambulatory setting)
Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 3

Hospital acquired pneumonia often caused by

Answer 3

Gram-negative pathogens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacteriaceae
Acinetobacter spp
Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus)

Question 4

Most common cause of lobar pneumonia

Answer 4

s. pneumoniae

Question 5

Most common cause of bronchopneumonia

Answer 5

S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
H. influenzae
Klebsiella

Question 6

Most common cause of Interstitial pneumonia

Answer 6

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia psittaci (primarily transmitted by parrots)
Legionella
Viruses (e.g., RSV, CMV, influenza, adenovirus)
Coxiella burnetii

Question 7

A rare, noninfectious type of pneumonia that is characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles and the surrounding structures. Can be caused by chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) or certain drugs (e.g., amiodarone).

Answer 7

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia

Abbreviations: COP, BOOP

Question 8

A category of lung diseases characterized by inflammation with possible fibrosis of the interstitium of the lung (i.e., the parenchyma between alveoli). Includes secondary interstitial pneumonia caused by exposure to pathogens (e.g., Mycoplasma) and environmental factors (e.g., asbestos, radiation) as well as idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (e.g., acute interstitial pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia).

Answer 8

Interstitial pneumonia

Question 9

A pulmonary infection that affects the bronchioles and adjacent alveoli (patchy distribution). Usually involves the lower lobes and/or the right middle lobe. Primarily caused by pneumococci.

Answer 9

Bronchopneumonia

Question 10

An infection localized to one pulmonary lobe, most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, gram-negative bacilli, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Answer 10

Lobar pneumonia

Question 11

Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients

Answer 11

Encapsulated bacteria
Pneumocystis jirovecii → Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Aspergillus fumigatus → aspergillosis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidioides immitis
Candida species → candidiasis
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) → CMV pneumonia
S. aureus
Gram-negative bacteria

Question 12

Pneumonia in newborns

Answer 12

Escherichia coli
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae

Question 13

Pneumonia in children (4 weeks –18 years)

Answer 13

C. trachomatis (in infants) [2][3]
C. pneumoniae (in young children and adolescents) [4]
S. pneumoniae
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Mycoplasma

Question 14

Pneumonia in young adults (18–40 years)

Answer 14

Mycoplasma
Influenza virus
C. pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae

Question 15

Pneumonia in adults (40–65 years)

Answer 15

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Mycoplasma
Anaerobes
Viruses

Question 16

Pneumonia in elderly individuals

Answer 16

S. pneumoniae [5]
H. influenzae
Gram-negative bacteria
Anaerobes [6]
Influenza virus

Question 17

Recurrent pneumonia

Answer 17

Uncommon organisms (e.g., Nocardia, Coxiella burnetii, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Question 18

Most important encapsulated bacteria

Answer 18

Group B streptococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Neisseria meningitidis
E. coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa