Pneumonia Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
Infection of the lung tissue that causes inflammation in the alveolar space
What does pneumonia show on chest x-ray?
Consolidation
What are the classifications of pneumonia?
CAP
HAP
VAP
Aspiration pneumonia
When is aspiration pneumonia commonly seen?
In impaired swallowing
What is aspiration pneumonia associated with?
Anaerobic bacteria
What is the presentation of pneumonia?
Cough
Sputum production
Generally unwell
Fever
Haemoptysis
Pleuritic chest pain
Delirium
What are the characteristic chest signs?
Bronchial breath sounds
Focal coarse crackles
Dullness to percussion
What are derangement in basic obs seen?
Tachypnoea
Tachycardia
Hypoxia
Hypotension
Fever
Confusion
What scoring system is used in assessment?
CURB 65
What are all the parts to the scoring system?
Confusion
Urea >7mmol/L
Respiratory rate > 30
Blood pressure systolic <90 and diastolic <60
65 years old
What are the typical bacterial causes of pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophillus influenza
What pneumonia is seen in poorly controlled HIV?
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
What is Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?
Fungal pneumonia
How does Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia present?
Dry cough
SOB on exertion
Night sweats
What is the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?
Co-trimoxazole
What investigations are done?
Chest x-ray
FBC
Renal profile
CRP
In moderate/ severe cases:
Sputum cultures
Blood cultures
Pneumococcal and legionella urinary antigen tests
What is the treatment?
5 days of oral antibiotics:
-amoxicillin
-doxycycline
-clarithromycin
Mod/ severe are treated with IV antibiotics and respiratory support
What complications can occur in pneumonia?
Sepsis
ARDS
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Lung abscess
Death
