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Respiratory > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 types of LRTI?

A

Acute bronchitis
Pneumonia

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2
Q

When is a pneumonia classified as a HAP?

A

If acquired 48hours after hospital admission

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3
Q

What type of bacteria is usually present in a aspiration pneumonia?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

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4
Q

What symptoms are seen in pneumonia? (6)

A

• Shortness of breath
• Cough productive of sputum
• Fever
• Haemoptysis (coughing up blood)
• Pleuritic chest pain (sharp chest pain worse on inspiration)
• Delirium (acute confusion associated with infection)

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5
Q

What are 3 chest signs characteristic of pneumonia?

A

• Bronchial breath sounds. These are harsh breath sounds equally loud on inspiration and expiration. These are caused by consolidation of the lung tissue around the airway.
• Focal coarse crackles. These are air passing through sputum in the airways similar to using a straw to blow in to a drink.
• Dullness to percussion due to lung tissue collapse and/or consolidation.

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6
Q

What score assesses the severity of pneumonia? List out the numbers as well

A

• C – Confusion (new disorientation in person, place or time)
• U – Urea > 7
• R – Respiratory rate ≥ 30
• B – Blood pressure < 90 systolic or ≤ 60 diastolic.
• 65 – Age ≥ 65

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7
Q

What are the 2 most common organisms that cause pneumonia?

A

• Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%)
• Haemophilus influenzae (20%)

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8
Q

What type of bacteria is streptococcus pneumonia?

A

Gram positive
Rod shaped

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9
Q

What organism commonly causes pneumonia in patients who are immunocompromised?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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10
Q

What organism is most common in patients with cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

What is the most common organism that causes pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis?

A

Staph aureus

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12
Q

What is the most common organism in a hap?

A

MRSA

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13
Q

What makes an organism be an atypical pneumonia?

A

Can’t be cultured in a normal wayor detected using gram stain
Don’t respond to penicillin’s

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14
Q

What abx are usually used to treat atypical pneumonia?

A

Macrolides e.g. clarithromycin
Fluoroquinolones e.g. levofloxacin
Tetracyclines e.g. doxycycline

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15
Q

Patient been on holiday gets pneumonia, what is organism?

A

Legionella pneumophilia

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16
Q

Aside from symptoms of pneumonia what might a person with legionnaires disease present with?

A

Hyponatraemia as it causes an siADH

17
Q

Aside from symptoms of pneumonia, what might someone infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae present with? (2)

A

Erythema multiforme
Neurological symptoms

18
Q

What is the typical patient with klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

Elderly
Diabetics
Alcoholic

19
Q

What is the typical patient with mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Teens and early 20s in boarding schools

20
Q

What is the typical patient infected with chlamydophila pneumoniae?

A

School aged child

21
Q

What is the presenting symptoms of someone infected with chlamydophila pneumoniae?

A

Mild to moderate pneumonia symptoms
Wheeze

22
Q

What is the typical patient associated with coxiella burnetii?

A

Farmer
Linked to exposure to animals and their bodily fluid

23
Q

What is another name for Coxiella burnetii?

A

Q fever

24
Q

What is a typical patient infected with chlamydia psittaci?

A

Patient is a parrot owner
Contracted from contact with infected birds

25
Q

What is the main organism that causes fungal pneumonia?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci (pcp)

26
Q

What is the typical patient that acquires a fungal pneumonia?

A

Immunocompromised
Usually people with low CD4 count in HIV

27
Q

What is the presentation of pneumocystis jiroveci (pcp) pneumonia? (3)

A

Dry cough without sputum
Sob on exertion
Night sweats

28
Q

What is the treatment of pneumocystis jiroveci (pcp) pneumonia?

A

Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)

29
Q

In a patient with suspected pneumonia what tests are done as they arrive in hospital? (4)

A

Cxr
Fbc
U&es
CRP

30
Q

What further tests should people with moderate or severe cases of pneumonia be given? (3)

A

Sputum cultures
Blood cultures
Legionella and pneumococcal urinary antigens

31
Q

What are the treatments for pneumonia for each stage of CURB65?

A

1 = oral amoxicillin
2 = oral amoxicillin and clarithromycin
3-5 = IV Co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin

Use doxycycline if pen allergic

32
Q

What are some complications of pneumonia? (5)

A

○ Sepsis
○ Pleural effusion
○ Empyema
○ Lung abscess
○ Death

Respiratory (18 decks)

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