pneumonia

Question 1

what is pneumonia

Answer 1

An acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma

Question 2

What can pneumonia be caused by

Answer 2

bacteria
viruses
mycoplasma
fungi
parasites
chemicals

Question 3

what are the 3 ways organisms can reach the lungs

Answer 3

aspiration
inhalation of microbes
hematogenous spread-primary infection elsewhere in body

Question 4

What is CAP

Answer 4

community acquired pneumonia, during first 2 days of hospitalization

Question 5

what is HAP/HAI

Answer 5

Hospital/health care acquired pneumonia/infections. 48 hours after hospitalization

Question 7

Risk factors

Answer 7

weakened immune system
altered consciousness
tracheal intubation
malnutrition

Question 8

Clinical manifestations

Answer 8

sudden fever/chills
productive cough
pleuritic chest pain

Question 9

clinical findings

Answer 9

dullness upon percussion
crackles
fatigue
RAT

Question 10

Complications

Answer 10

Pleurisy: inflammation of pleura
Pleural effusion
Atelectasis
Pericarditis/Endocarditis
Lung Abscess
Empyema
Delayed resolution

Question 11

diagnostic studies

Answer 11

H&P
Gram stain of sputum and blood cultures Sputum Culture and Sensitivity
Chest x-ray
ABG’s
Pulse oximetry
CBC

Question 12

interventions

Answer 12

Prompt treatment with antibiotic resolves bacterial pneumonia
Increased fluid intake (at least 3L/day)
Supportive measures-oxygen therapy
Analgesics for chest pain
Antipyretics
Rest and limited activity during febrile phase
High caloric intake to meet increased metabolic demands

Question 13

pneumococcal vaccine is for

Answer 13

those with:
chronic illness
recovering from serious illness
65years/older
nursing homes/long term care