lung cancer

Question 1

risk factors

Answer 1

SMOKING
inhaled carcinogens

Question 2

non-small cell lung cancer

Answer 2

85-90%
Is the most common type of lung cancer
Grows more slowly than small cell lung cancer
Squamous, adenocarcinoma, large cell

Question 3

small cell lung cancer

Answer 3

10-15%
Grows quickly and often spreads to distant parts of the body.

Question 4

Secondary cancer

Answer 4

Lung cancers metastasize by direct extension, blood circulation and lymph system

Question 5

Common sites for metastases

Answer 5

Liver, brain, bones, lymph nodes, adrenal glands

Question 6

manifestations

Answer 6

Dyspnea
Persistent cough and pneumonitis
Sputum
Hemoptysis – blood tinged sputum (Late finding caused by malignancy)
Airway obstruction – hoarseness dyspnea/wheezing (obstructions from tumour)
Pleuritic chest pain - rapid shallow breathing
Chest wall – tenderness/masses
Unexplained weight loss

Question 7

pulmonary assessment

Answer 7

Breath Sounds
Wheezes-partial obstruction of airflow D/T narrowed passages by tumors
Decreased/absent breath sounds- obstruction or replacement of lung tissue with solid tumour/fluid
Increased fremitus- (palpable vibration)
Pleural friction rub- inflammation

Question 8

NON – PULMONARY ASSESSMENT

Answer 8

Heart sounds muffled
Dysrhythmias- hypoxemia or pressure on heart
Cyanosis of lips and fingertips
Clubbing of fingers
Bones- break easily, bone pain, pathologic fractures

Question 9

diagnostic studies

Answer 9

CT scan
chest x-ray
MRI
PET