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Respiratory System > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Infection in the lungs caused by microbes

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2
Q

What microbes can cause pneumonia?

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi

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3
Q

What bacteria can cause pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, legionella pneumophila, chylamdophila pneumoniae

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4
Q

What viruses cause pneumonia?

A

Influenza

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5
Q

What is hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

A patient gets pneumonia when they are already sick in hospital

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6
Q

What bacteria largely causes the % of pneumonia cases?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A

Dyspnoea, fatigue, fever, productive cough, chest pain

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8
Q

How can we diagnose pneumonia?

A

Tachypnoea, dullness to percussion, working hard to breath, crackles

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9
Q

What is the leading causative agent of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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10
Q

What is the leading causative agent of community acquired pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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11
Q

What are some examples of fungal pneumonia?

A

Cryptococcus, pneumocystis

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12
Q

What type of chest pain might a patient experience with pneumonia?

A

Pleuritic chest pain (feels like stabbing)
Worse on inspiration

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13
Q

What are the risk factors of pneumonia?

A

Immuno-compromised, smoking, co-morbidities, indoor pollution, HIV, contact, <2years or >65years

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14
Q

What is a mechanism of entry for microbe?

A

Inhalation (aspiration)

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15
Q

What is atypical pneumonia?

A

Can’t be isolated with gram staining (e.g legionella, chlamydia pneumoniae)

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16
Q

What is legionella?

A

Affects water supplies/air conditioning units

17
Q

What is mycoplasma?

A

Spread through respiratory fluids

18
Q

What is bactericidal vs bacteriostatic antibiotics?

A

Bactericidal - kills cell wall
Bacteriostatic - stops replication

19
Q

What investigations would you carry out?

A

ABGs (fast breathing), U&E’s, FBC, LFT, CRP (infection), sputum culture, CURB 65, urine culture

20
Q

What is the management for pneumonia?

A

Antibiotics, supportive care

21
Q

What are the complications of pneumonia?

A

Sepsis, pleural effusion, empyema, lung abscess, death

Respiratory System (6 decks)

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