Pneumonia Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
Infection in the lungs caused by microbes
What microbes can cause pneumonia?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi
What bacteria can cause pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, legionella pneumophila, chylamdophila pneumoniae
What viruses cause pneumonia?
Influenza
What is hospital acquired pneumonia?
A patient gets pneumonia when they are already sick in hospital
What bacteria largely causes the % of pneumonia cases?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What are the symptoms of pneumonia?
Dyspnoea, fatigue, fever, productive cough, chest pain
How can we diagnose pneumonia?
Tachypnoea, dullness to percussion, working hard to breath, crackles
What is the leading causative agent of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the leading causative agent of community acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What are some examples of fungal pneumonia?
Cryptococcus, pneumocystis
What type of chest pain might a patient experience with pneumonia?
Pleuritic chest pain (feels like stabbing)
Worse on inspiration
What are the risk factors of pneumonia?
Immuno-compromised, smoking, co-morbidities, indoor pollution, HIV, contact, <2years or >65years
What is a mechanism of entry for microbe?
Inhalation (aspiration)
What is atypical pneumonia?
Can’t be isolated with gram staining (e.g legionella, chlamydia pneumoniae)
