Pneumonia Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
Inflammation and consolidation of lung tissue due to an infectious agent
What is a consolidation?
inflammatory induration of a normally aereted lung due to cellular exudative in alveoli
Pneumonia affects what ages?
> 65 and <4
Why is it a seasonal disease?
-A person infects another because they are close and with closed windows
-Air isn´t as humid, so Lungs can´t produce as much thick mucus to get rid of organisms
How do you develop pneumonia?
Weak immune system + Strong microorganism = any infection can develop
Factors favoring colonization (4)
- Disruption of mucociliary clearance
- Disruption of epithelial barrier
- Increasing inoculation
- Decreasing immune function
Risk factors (7)
- Smoking
- Upper respiratory tract infections
- Alcohol due to bronco aspiration of vomit
- Corticosteroid therapy
- Old age
- Influenza infection
- Pre-existing lung disease
Physiopathology of pneumonia
Congestion -> red hepatization -> grey hepatization -> resolution
Cytokines in pneumonia and which cause fever
○ Il-1
○ Il-6
Interleukocytes cause fever
○ TNF-α
Anatomical classification of pneumonia
- Bronchopneumonia
- Lobar pneumonia
*Interstitial pneumonia
Clinical classification of pneumonia
*Community (Typical and Atypical)
*Nosocomial
*Ventilatory associated
General malaise, Fever, Productive cough, and Pleuritic chest pain are symptoms of..
Typical pneumonia
Walking pneumonia, Minimal sputum production, Low grade fever, Sore throat, Intractable and dry cough and Fine crackles are symptoms of…
Atypical pneumonia
Microorganisms in typical pneumonia (SHIM)
§ Streptococcus pneumoniae
§ Haemophilus influenzae
§ Moraxella catarrhalis
Microorganisms in atypical pneumonia (MLC)
§ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
§ Chlamydophila psittaci or pneumoniae
§ Legionella pneumophila
Microorganisms in nosocomial pneumonia (SHIP)
○ Streptococcus pneumoniae
○ Pseudomona aeruginosa
○ Haemophilus influenzae
Microorganisms in ventilator associated pneumonia (SSAP)
○ Streptotoccus pneumoniae
○ Pseudomona aeruginosa
○ Staphylococcus aureus
○ Acinetobacter baumani
Microorganism due to air conditioning
Legionella pneumophila - atypical
Multiresistant microorganism in the hospital
Pseudomona aeruginosa - nosocomial
Microorganism that has a vaccine
Streptotoccus pneumoniae - typical, nosocomial, ventilator associated
Untreatable microorganism in intubation
Acinetobacter baumanii - ventilator associated
Studies in pneumonia
Chest X-Ray
*CT scan
Treatment for pneumonia outpatient with no risk factors
Start with macrolide
Treatment for pneumonia outpatient If they have high blood pressure or diabetes
Start β-lactam + macrolide Or Fluoroquinolone
