Pneumonia

Question 1

What is pneumonia?

Answer 1

Inflammation and consolidation of lung tissue due to an infectious agent

Question 2

What is a consolidation?

Answer 2

inflammatory induration of a normally aereted lung due to cellular exudative in alveoli

Question 3

Pneumonia affects what ages?

Answer 3

> 65 and <4

Question 4

Why is it a seasonal disease?

Answer 4

-A person infects another because they are close and with closed windows
-Air isn´t as humid, so Lungs can´t produce as much thick mucus to get rid of organisms

Question 5

How do you develop pneumonia?

Answer 5

Weak immune system + Strong microorganism = any infection can develop

Question 6

Factors favoring colonization (4)

Answer 6

• Disruption of mucociliary clearance
• Disruption of epithelial barrier
• Increasing inoculation
• Decreasing immune function

Question 7

Risk factors (7)

Answer 7

• Smoking
• Upper respiratory tract infections
• Alcohol due to bronco aspiration of vomit
• Corticosteroid therapy
• Old age
• Influenza infection
• Pre-existing lung disease

Question 8

Physiopathology of pneumonia

Answer 8

Congestion -> red hepatization -> grey hepatization -> resolution

Question 9

Cytokines in pneumonia and which cause fever

Answer 9

○ Il-1
○ Il-6
Interleukocytes cause fever
○ TNF-α

Question 10

Anatomical classification of pneumonia

Answer 10

• Bronchopneumonia
• Lobar pneumonia
  *Interstitial pneumonia

Question 11

Clinical classification of pneumonia

Answer 11

*Community (Typical and Atypical)
*Nosocomial
*Ventilatory associated

Question 12

General malaise, Fever, Productive cough, and Pleuritic chest pain are symptoms of..

Answer 12

Typical pneumonia

Question 13

Walking pneumonia, Minimal sputum production, Low grade fever, Sore throat, Intractable and dry cough and Fine crackles are symptoms of…

Answer 13

Atypical pneumonia

Question 14

Microorganisms in typical pneumonia (SHIM)

Answer 14

§ Streptococcus pneumoniae
§ Haemophilus influenzae
§ Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 15

Microorganisms in atypical pneumonia (MLC)

Answer 15

§ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
§ Chlamydophila psittaci or pneumoniae
§ Legionella pneumophila

Question 16

Microorganisms in nosocomial pneumonia (SHIP)

Answer 16

○ Streptococcus pneumoniae
○ Pseudomona aeruginosa
○ Haemophilus influenzae

Question 17

Microorganisms in ventilator associated pneumonia (SSAP)

Answer 17

○ Streptotoccus pneumoniae
○ Pseudomona aeruginosa
○ Staphylococcus aureus
○ Acinetobacter baumani

Question 18

Microorganism due to air conditioning

Answer 18

Legionella pneumophila - atypical

Question 19

Multiresistant microorganism in the hospital

Answer 19

Pseudomona aeruginosa - nosocomial

Question 20

Microorganism that has a vaccine

Answer 20

Streptotoccus pneumoniae - typical, nosocomial, ventilator associated

Question 21

Untreatable microorganism in intubation

Answer 21

Acinetobacter baumanii - ventilator associated

Question 22

Studies in pneumonia

Answer 22

Chest X-Ray
*CT scan

Question 23

Treatment for pneumonia outpatient with no risk factors

Answer 23

Start with macrolide

Question 24

Treatment for pneumonia outpatient If they have high blood pressure or diabetes

Answer 24

Start β-lactam + macrolide Or Fluoroquinolone

Question 25

Mayor Criteria for severe community asociated pneumonia (2)

Answer 25

Septic shock (needing vassopresors)
Mechanical ventilation

Question 26

CoVid is a type of ___ pneumonia

Answer 26

atypical

Question 27

When does Nosocomial pneumonia present

Answer 27

48 h after being admitted
72 hours after being released