Diabetes Flashcards
What is diabtes?
Chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia
What is decreased in diabetes?
Insulin
What is elevated in diabetes
Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, hGH
Prevalence of diabetes in..
50 y/o
Diabetes type 1
<30 years
Autoimmune disease: the body attacks the beta cells
Genetic and Environment factors
Treatment: insulin, diet, exercise
Environmental factores for T1 Diabetes
Virus: coxsackie, pox virus, rubella
Nutrients: cow milk
Diabetes type 2
> 40 year olds
Habits are factors
Tissue’s receptors becomes resistant of insulin
Treatment: diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, insulin
Preventable and Most common diabetes
T2
Normal metabolic pathways after eating
Liver: glycogen synthesis
Adipose: lipogenesis
Muscle: protein synthesis
Metabolic pathways after eating in diabetes
Liver: glucose released
Adipose: lipolysis
Muscle: proteolysis
Diabetes symptoms
- Fatigue - no energy
- Polyphagia - they feel like they are starving
- Leaking of glucose through the kidney
They pee more (polyuria)
They are more thirsty (polydipsia)
Acute diabetes complications
*Hypoclycemia
*Ketoacidosis
*Non keto hyper osmolar state
Chronic Vascular complications in diabetes
Microangiopathy: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
Macroangipathy: coronary, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease
Chronic Non-vascular complications in diabetes
- Gastroparesis
- Eual dysfunction
- Skin dehydration
Diagnostic criteria ADA
- Fasting: ≥ 126 mg/dl
- Posprandial: ≥ 200 mg/dl
- HbA1C: ≥ 6.5 %
Treatment for diabetes
Diet, exercise, avoid precipitant factors and biguanid (metformin)
Function of biguanids
increase sensitivity of insulin in all the tissue
Types of insulin
Rapid acting
Regular or short acting
Intermediate acting
In social services
Long acting
Goals in diabetes
Fasting: 80-110 mg/dl
After meal: <140 mg/dl
HbA1c: <7%
If all vital signs are altered and there is no response in stimuli it might be
Septic shock
