Diabetes

Question 1

What is diabtes?

Answer 1

Chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia

Question 2

What is decreased in diabetes?

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 3

What is elevated in diabetes

Answer 3

Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, hGH

Question 4

Prevalence of diabetes in..

Answer 4

50 y/o

Question 5

Diabetes type 1

Answer 5

<30 years
Autoimmune disease: the body attacks the beta cells
Genetic and Environment factors
Treatment: insulin, diet, exercise

Question 6

Environmental factores for T1 Diabetes

Answer 6

Virus: coxsackie, pox virus, rubella
Nutrients: cow milk

Question 7

Diabetes type 2

Answer 7

> 40 year olds
Habits are factors
Tissue’s receptors becomes resistant of insulin
Treatment: diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, insulin

Question 8

Preventable and Most common diabetes

Answer 8

T2

Question 9

Normal metabolic pathways after eating

Answer 9

Liver: glycogen synthesis
Adipose: lipogenesis
Muscle: protein synthesis

Question 10

Metabolic pathways after eating in diabetes

Answer 10

Liver: glucose released
Adipose: lipolysis
Muscle: proteolysis

Question 11

Diabetes symptoms

Answer 11

• Fatigue - no energy
• Polyphagia - they feel like they are starving
• Leaking of glucose through the kidney
  They pee more (polyuria)
  They are more thirsty (polydipsia)

Question 12

Acute diabetes complications

Answer 12

*Hypoclycemia
*Ketoacidosis
*Non keto hyper osmolar state

Question 13

Chronic Vascular complications in diabetes

Answer 13

Microangiopathy: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
Macroangipathy: coronary, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease

Question 14

Chronic Non-vascular complications in diabetes

Answer 14

• Gastroparesis
• Eual dysfunction
• Skin dehydration

Question 15

Diagnostic criteria ADA

Answer 15

• Fasting: ≥ 126 mg/dl
• Posprandial: ≥ 200 mg/dl
• HbA1C: ≥ 6.5 %

Question 16

Treatment for diabetes

Answer 16

Diet, exercise, avoid precipitant factors and biguanid (metformin)

Question 17

Function of biguanids

Answer 17

increase sensitivity of insulin in all the tissue

Question 18

Types of insulin

Answer 18

Rapid acting
Regular or short acting
Intermediate acting
In social services
Long acting

Question 19

Goals in diabetes

Answer 19

Fasting: 80-110 mg/dl
After meal: <140 mg/dl
HbA1c: <7%

Question 20

If all vital signs are altered and there is no response in stimuli it might be

Answer 20

Septic shock