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Respiratory Pharma > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactam antibiotics and vancomycin

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2
Q

Beta lactam antibiotics are

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

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3
Q

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

A

Inhibit 50s ribosomal subunit ( macrolides, linezolid )
Inhibit 30s ribosomal subunit
( Aminoglycosides , tetracyclins )

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4
Q

Inhibitors of 50s ribosomal subunit

A

Macrolides
Linezolid

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5
Q

Inhibitors of 30s ribosomal subunit

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclins

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6
Q

Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis

A

Quinolones

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7
Q

Inhibit transpeptidation reaction essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

Penicillin and Cephalosporins

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8
Q

Sensitive penicillins are inactivated by …..

A

Beta lactamase enzymes

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9
Q

Drugs that are effective against streptococcus pneumoniae and hemophilus influenza

A

Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin with clavulanate ( B- lactamase inhibitors)

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10
Q

Drug that is effective against staph.aureus infection

A

Flucloxacillin

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11
Q

Drug that effective against pseudomonas infection

A

Ticarcillin

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12
Q

Adverse effects of penicillin

A

Hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylactic shock)
Neurotoxicity
Superinfection

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13
Q

First generation of Cephalosporins is

A

Cephalexin

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14
Q

Second generation is

A

Cefuroxime

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15
Q

Third generation is

A

Cefotaxime

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16
Q

Adverse effects of Cephalosporins

A

Hypersensitivity reaction
Super infection
Nephrotoxicity

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17
Q

Example of monobactams is

A

Aztreonam

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18
Q

Drugs that are resistant to beta lactamases

A

Monobactams (aztreonam)

19
Q

Drugs that are active against gram negative bacteria like aminoglycosides

A

Monobactams (aztreonam)

20
Q

Drugs that also inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Monobactams (Aztreonam)

21
Q

Examples of carbapenems

A

Imipenem
Meropenem

22
Q

Drugs that have a broad spectrum of activity ( against gram positive and negative bacteria)

A

Carbapenems ( imipenem and meropenem)

23
Q

Drugs that are inactivated by a renal proteolytic enzyme and must therefore be combined with cilastatin which inhibits the enzyme

A

Carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem)

24
Q

Drug which is only active against gram positive bacteria

A

Vancomycin

25
Q

Used in if the patient is allergic to penicillin and in MRSA cases

A

Vancomycin

26
Q

Adverse effects of vancomycin

A

Ototoxicity
Red neck syndrome

27
Q

Drug that bind reversibly to the 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

A

Macrolides

28
Q

Drug that effective against gram +ve bacteria

A

Macrolides

29
Q

Examples of macrolides

A

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

30
Q

Used in allergy of penicillin

A

Macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin)

31
Q

Drugs that bind to 30S subunit so inhibit protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides and tetracycline

32
Q

Drugs that are effective against gram -ve bacteria ( pseudomonas infections )

A

Aminoglycosides

33
Q

Example of aminoglycosides

A

Streptomycin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Gentamicin

34
Q

Adverse effects of aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity
(Reversible renal tubular damage)
Ototoxicity
Neuromuscular blockade

35
Q

Drugs that are effective against most gram positive and most gram negative bacteria

A

Tetracyclins

36
Q

Example of tetracycline

A

Cholrtetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Doxycycline

37
Q

Adverse effects of tetracyclins

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Superinfection
Yellow discoloration of teeth and deformity of bone
Hepatotoxic
Nephrotoxic

38
Q

Drug that is binds to 50s subunit to inhibit protein synthesis (bactericidal)

A

Linezolid

39
Q

Drug that is active against positive cocci especially vancomycin and methicillin resistant staph.aureus

A

Linezolid

40
Q

Adverse effects of linezolid

A

Thrombocytopenia and GI disturbance.

41
Q

Drugs that inhibit DNA gyrase

A

Fluoroquinolones

42
Q

Drug that is effective against gram -ve bacteria

A

Fluoroquinolones

43
Q

Examples of fluoroquinolones

A

Moxifloxacin
Levofloxacin

44
Q

Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones

A

Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
Arthropathy

Respiratory Pharma (2 decks)

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