Pneumonia Flashcards
What is PNA?
Where does it occur?
- PNA = excess fluid in the lungs from the INFLAMMATORY process
- occurs in the interstitial space, alveoli, and bronchioles
What 2 things can cause PNA? (generally)
Which process is associated with the formation fo exudate?
- infectious process and inhalation of irritating agents can cx PNA
- exudate occurs with the infectious process
What causes the alveoli and lungs to stiffen in PNA?
How does this affect gas exchange?
- edema and fibrin = stiff
- dec diffusion and gas exchange
PNA is the most frequent complication of ___, and the mc cx of ___.
- most frequent complication of the flu
- most common cx of sepsis
What are the 2 types of PNA?
Which is mc with aspiration?
- lobar : consolidation in 1 lung –> mc with aspiration
- bronchopneumonia : scattered patches around bronchi
When is pneumonia considered to be hospital acquired?
pneumonia that presents 2 or more days after being admitted to the hospital
What are risk factors for contracting PNA ? (11)
- age
- unvaccinated
- chronic health issues : esp lung
- immunocomp
- smoker
- recent rest illness / exposure
- EtOH
- altered LOC
- aspiration risk
- endotrache tube, tracheostomy, NG tube
- poor nutrition status
What are common ways to help prevent PNA? (10)
- vaccination
- avoid lg crowds
- clean resp equipment
- avoid indoor pollutants
- balanced diet
- adequate fluid intake
- adequate sleep
- tobacco cessation
- hand washing
- incentive spirometry
What are 10 nursing interventions to promote prevention of PNA?
- pulmonary hygiene (cough, turn, deep breathe)
- mobility
- hand washing
- incentive spirometry
- sterile water in GI tubes
- aspiration precautions : even if not at high risk
- vent bundle
- eval vaccination status / needs
- sedation vacation
What are 5 complication that can occur from PNA?
- sepsis
- empyema : exudate in pleural space
- pleural effusion : fluid in pleural space
- lung access / necrosis
- death
How is the chest pain associated with PNA different from cardiac chest pain?
- PNA : pleuritic : sharp / stabbing typically on inspiration with breathing or coughing, may radiate –> REPEATABLE - often worse with deep breath
- cardiac : more random, not repeatable
When positioning the pt who has lobar PNA in RRL, as the nurse we want to position them with the bad lung ___ (up/down) to help mobilize secretions. It will be easier for the pt to breath when the bad lung is ___ (up/down) due to compensation.
- as the nurse we want the bad lung up and should have them like this if they can tolerate it
- it will be easier for the pt to breath with the bad lung down bc the good lung has less resistance and is able to expand more
When compared to baseline the pt has tachycardia and hypotension. What 3 things are we concerned about?
- dehydration
- sepsis
- shock
What lab may be ordered to evaluate for sepsis?
lactate
An incentive spirometer improves ___ ___, and prevents ___.
- improves inspiratory muscles
- prevents atelectasis
