PNA Flashcards
An acute inflammation of the bronchi in the lower respiratory tract that occurs w/or after a viral infection w/cough its most common symptom is defined as:
acute bronchitis
These symptoms: cough that last 10-20 days w/clear, mucoid sputum; HA, malaise, SOB, low-grade fever are associated with what lower respiratory tract infection:
Acute bronchitis
What are the usual tx for acute bronchitis;
fluids, rest, antiinflammatory meds, cough suppressants, and bronchodilators may be Rx.
How can you tell the difference between PNA from acute bronchitis:
X-rays will show no evidence of consolidation or infiltrates for bronchitis as seen in PNA
A highly contagious infection of the lower respiratory tract w/gram negative bacillus; dangerous to children, especially under 6 mo; w/a 6-10 wk characteristic cough followed by inspiratory gasps and a “whooping” sound is defined as:
Pertussis
What is the Rx tx for pertussis:
Zithromax
An acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by a microbial organism is defined as:
Pneumonia
PNA occurs as a result of what:
PNA occurs when defense mechanisms becomes or are overwhelmed by the virulence or quantity of infectious agents
What age groups have high incidences of death d/t morbidity:
65 yo
What are the defense mechanism that PNA can compromise:
filtration of air, warming/humidification, epiglottis closure over the trachea, secretion of immunoglobin-A, mucociliary escalator mechanism, and alveolar macrophages
How doe altered LOC predispose a pt to PNA:
depresses cough and epiglottic reflexes allowing aspiration of organisms into the lungs
How does tracheal intubation predispose a pt to PNA:
Interferes w/cough reflex and mucociliary escalator
How does air pollution, smoking, and toxic gases predispose a pt to PNA:
Impairs the mucociliary escalator mechanism
How do diseases, such as DM, EtOH, leukemia predispose a pt to PNA:
They are associated w/increased frequency of gram negative bacilli in the oropharynx
Some other predisposing factors of PNA include:
immunosuppression d/t drugs, HIV, age, malnutrition; immobility; altered oropharangeal flora (d/t abx); NPO status, poor oral hygiene; tracheoesophageal fistulas
When an organism reaches the lungs from the nasopharynx or oropharynx; these organisms that cause most PNA of healthy adults utilize what type of method in catching PNA:
aspiration
When organisms are present in the air that’s inhaled causing PNA (mycoplasma PNA and fungal pna) will utilize what type of method in catching PNA:
inhalation
When an organism spreads from a primary infection elsewhere in the body (S. aureus) utilizes what type of method in catching PNA:
hematogenous
This Type of PNA are pulmonary consequences resulting from entry of endogenous or exogenous substances into the lower airway is defined as what type of PNA:
Aspiration
What is the most common form of infection associated with aspiration PNA:
Bacterial infection that normally resides in the upper airways
Where can aspiration PNA occur at:
Community or Hospital
What are some other substances (other than bacteria) may be aspirated:
gastric contents, exogenous chemical contents, irritating gases
How can aspirating PNA impair lung defenses:
Causes inflammatory changes which leads to bacterial growth resulting in PNA
What are some of the common conditions that increase the risk of aspirating PNA:
Decreased LOC, difficulty swallowing, and nasogastric secretions
