Pn2 Test 2 Other Stuff Flashcards
Causes of sleep apnea
Soft palate or tongue, obesity, large uvula , short neck, smoking, and large tonsils, adenoids, edema(around throat)
Cystic fibrosis ?
Geneticndisease Affects organs and impairs lung function
Mucus thickness builds up in lungs , pancreas, liver , saliva glands, and testes
Causes GERD
Digoxin nursing interventions
Check pulse and bp before giving
Report n/v, loose stools, parastesia , confusion , visual disturbances/ halos = toxicity
Antidote for heparin
Protamine sulfate
What is bureglars disease
Disease of arteries and veins in arms and legs
Blood vessels inflamed , swell and become blocked with thrombi
Sensitive to cold
common in smokers
Raynaud’s disease
vascular disease -Pale to blue to red sequence of color changes
Common after cold exposure
Volume of blood ejected by the LV each beat
Affected by preload and afterload
Stroke volume
Returns blood from capillaries back to the right side of the heart
Valves backflow Prevent
Venous system
Post op trach assess
Check airway Breath sounds hourly Assess stoma Suction - 10-15 seconds at time Humidifier Infections ?
Number one cause of lung cancer
Smoking
Weak pulse =
Decreased arterial perfusion and dehydration
Bounding pulse =
Fluid overload
Kidney disease can elevate what lab but can be false positive
Troponin levels
Lab that increases with hypoxia
RBCs
Lab that increases with inflammation
Leukocytes
Don’t take contrast dye with what med
Metformin - can harm kidneys together
First test given for cardiac disorder
ECG
Is any heart failure curable?
NO
Need transplant
Lt side heart failure is considered EF of what?
EF of what for defibrillator candidates?
What EF is normal?
Less than 40
Less than 30 (mi with out)
55-65 normal
What is the most reliable indicator cause of Rt sided HF?
Increased weight
If potassium is low check what?
Magnesium levels (will be low )
Increases blood return to heart and gives more time to fill
Contractility
If patient has weight gain of how much over night to contact pcp?
How much gain in a week?
2 lbs overnight
3-5 in 1 week
What may happen if you give nitro to one with aortic stenosis
Stuff valve will dilate and increase the flow to where one may pass out
Normal INR for people with heart valves
3-4
Petechiae
Most commonly found where ?
Pinpoint hemorrhages/bruise like marks
Palms of hands and soles of feet
Inflammation of the heart due to heart infection or disorders
Pericarditis
What to start immediately with rheumatic carditis
Antibiotics
HF most common
Lt side - can turn into Rt sided
Give diuretics , vasodilators and glycosides (digoxin)
Causes thickening of arteries and damage to organs
HTN
Blood pressure is affected by what?
PVR (peripheral vascular resistance)
Common cause of aging
Aterriolsclerosis
Which condition has impaired perfusion in BLE and affects aorta ?
PAD
If elevate or extend legs with PAD what will occur
If dangle legs what will occur?
Pale
rubra
Best thing to promote with PAD in patients
Walking - increases circulation to blockage
Rest with pain
Best drug to take with PAD
What not to do
Plavix (antiplatelets) decreases thickness of blood and decrease change of clotting
Don’t cross legs
Asses what with PAD
Five 5s
Pain, pulse , pallor, paresthesia and paralysis
TAA- what is key?
Control BP
Why not to use homans sign
Not reliable
Can dislodge clot
Only occurs in certain amount of people
Plasma found in blood vessels help keep fluidnwith in vessel
Protein
Albumin
globiner
Thrombocytopenia
What drugs to avoid?
What to increase
Low platelets - bruise easily - avoid contact sports -enlarged spleen/liver
Plavix and aspirin
B12, iron
Decreased liver function causes
Hep c , drugs, alcohol, trauma , NSAIDS, Tylenol
What labs will be low in sickle cell
High
Hct
Reticular count , bilirubin
Most common factor in sickle cell
Most common symptom
What destroys RBCs
Hypoxia
Pain
Spleen
Sickle cell anemia cells need to be hydrated but not overloaded or pulmonary edema may occur
Yeah
Sickle cell
Info
Keep HOB 30 degrees no higher- to maintain perfusion to brain
B12 deficiency is common in who
Vegans
Myeoeldoplastic syndrome leads to what
Leukemia
Increase WBC in bone marrow
Prevent infection - neutropenia precautions- no fresh fruits /veggies/limits visitors ,no crowds , wash hands, no plants
No small spaces
Keep port dry
Multiple myeloma
Swiss cheese appearance , bone pain
Stem cell transplant
Change GI tube feeding bag every ?
24 hours
Amount the ventricles stretch at the end of diastole
(Balloon)
Relaxation/draining to fill valves
- end diastolic volume
Preload
What increases preload
IV fluids
SNS - drugs-vasoconstriction (increases blood return to heart)
What decreases preload?
Diuretics (furosemide) - removes fluid from blood volume
Vasodilation(nitroglycerin) (widens blood vessels)
Pressure the ventricles must work against to open the semilunar valves to pump blood OUT of the heart
Overcoming vascular resistance so blood can be shot out to the body
(Release balloon)
Afterload
Side of the heart that gives blood to lungs
Right side
What can increase afterload?
Pulmonary HTN
Increase vasoconstriction
Aortic stenosis (narrow valve)
Decreases afterload?
Vasodilators - open up vessels
