Exam 1 jeopardy table Flashcards
Types of IV fluids
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Less particles than intracellular and moves water into cells
Causes cells to swell
Hypotonic
Used to tx dehydration and excessive dieresis and gastric fluid loss
Isotonic intravenous
Same amount of particles as body fluids and expand circulating volume but no shifts into or out of vessel or cells
Isotonic
If concentrations of dissolved solutes are greater outside the cell, the concentration of water outside is correspondingly lower.
As a result, water inside the cell will flow outwards causing cells to shrink
Cells in Hypertonic Solutions
ICP/ edema/iso?
Hypotonic used for ?
Dehydration
Hypertonic:
D5 0.3 NaCl
D5 in Lactated ringers
D5 0.45% NaCl
Isotonic:
0.9% NaCl (Normal Saline)
Lactated Ringers
D5W (In the bag)
Hypotonic: D5W (in the body) 0.25% NaCl 0.45% NaCl (half normal saline) 2.5% Dextrose
H
IV infusion of this electrolyte requires frequent assessment of the IV site
Potassium
Phosphorus and calcitonin are given for treatments of this electrolyte disturbance
Hypercalcemia
Weight of one litter of IV fluid
2.2 pounds or 1kg
Dry mucous membranes, tenting skin, low UOP
Dehydration
Electrolyte does not absorb with out vit D
Calcium
Diuretics, Daily weights and intake and outputs
Intervention for fluid overload
The type of fluid that is 3% saline
Hypertonic
Crackles in lungs, SOB, positive JVD (jugular vein distention)
Fluid overload
Most common electrolyte to decrease with administration of loop diuretics
potassium
Charley horses are common with this electrolyte disturbance
hypocalcemia
3% saline is sometimes used
Hyponatremia
Hypertonic is used for low sodium
Type of fluid that is 0.45 % normal saline
Hypotonic
Depressed skeletal muscle contraction and decreased Deep tendon reflexes are present with this electrolyte disturbance
Hypermagnesemia
Most common electrolyte to be found low in alcoholics
Magnesium
Disturbances in this electrolyte will always cause a change in overall fluid volume
Sodium
Administration of insulin and dextrose is sometimes used
Tx for hyperkalemia
Symptoms are dizziness and lightheadedness upon standing
Positive orthostasis
Tall, peaked, T-waves and wide QRS can be found on the EKG of a patient with this electrolyte disturbance
Hyperkalemia
Calcium is used to reverse the cardiac effects of this electrolyte disturbance
Hypermagnesemia
Electrolyte imbalance that occurs with SIADH
Hyponatremia
The nurse must educate the patient regarding the use of salt substitutes when this electrolyte disturbance is present
Hyperkalemia
Three hormones responsible for controlling fluid and electrolyte balance
Aldosterone antidiuretic hormone and natriuretic peptides
Positive trousseaus sign can be found with this electrolyte imbalance
Hypocalcemia
Sodium range
135-145
Potassium range
3.5-5
Never run meds with this
Blood transfusions
Complete blood transfusions with in how long
4 hours
If reaction to blood transfusion
Stop and take vitals
Notify doc
Do not take out new tubing
Gauge used for transfusions
18-20
Filter on blood to filter out any clots or particles
Always tested for abnormalties
Verify order with who
Transfusions
Another nurse
Foot care with PVD
Y
