PMP Flashcards
What is a project
A temporary endeavour with a clear beginning and end that produces a unique product, service, or result
Can a project be part of a program?
Yes, a project can be part of a program but a program does not have to be part of a project
What is project management?
Using your skills, tools, knowledge, and techniques to complete requirements of a project
What is program management
A group of interrelated projects that benefits from being management together rather than individually. A program manager reviews whole project, but a project manager is assigned to each project
What is a portfolio
A group of project, programs, sub portoflios, and operations that are manages together to meet the overall objectives of a orgranization
What are operations
Ongoing tasks that focus on the acquisition, development, of resources that are need to deliver goods and services
What questions do you ask related to the value of projects
Why should we do this project
What do projects enable?
They enable change, moving from the present state to the desired state
What is another word for Phase Gate?
Phase Review
What is a Phase Gate?
Reviewing the phase to determine if they should move on to the next phase
What is a kick off meeting
Meeting done at the end of planning to kick off the project. Can also be at the start of the next phase
What is a phase
A collection of related ACTIVITIES that make a deliverable
What does the number of phases depend on?
The complexity, size, and industry of a project
What is a deliverable?
A unique product, service, or result. Must be accepted by the customer. Can be tangible or intangible
Who develops phases?
PM
Draw phases
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Draw a program
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What is a project lifecycle
Beginning to end of the PHASES, in a CHART representation
Draw a portfolio
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What are the types of life cycles?
Traditional, adaptive, hybrid
What is project governance
A FRAMEWORK within a project that sets the RULES and steps for DECISIONS
What are 3 pillars of governance
People, information, structure
What are stakeholders
Individuals, groups or organizations that a may affect or be affected by the project (positively or negatively)
Who provides resources or funding
Project sponser or customer
Who is the project owner
Someone who sees the project vision and manages the backlog
What is a functional manager
A manager of a department that has control over resources
What skills does the PM have
Initiator, negotiator, listener, coach, working member, facilitator
What is a milestone
A significant event or achievement that marks a key point or complaetionnthat has 0 duration
What are the levels of project roles
PM, Project coordinator, project expeditor
What is a PMO
Project management office
What is a project management office
A structure that standardizes processes and facilitates that share of resources, tools, and techniques
What are the types of PMOs
Supportive, controlling (method and framework) and directive
Who are often the project bosses?
PM and sponser
What are the organizational structure
Function organization, Matrix organization, Project oriented organization, hybrid
What is another word for project oriented organization
projectized
What are the levels of a matrix organization
weak, balanced, strong
What are project constraints
cost, schedule, scope, quality, and resources
Another word for adaptive
Agile
Another word for traditional
waterfall or predictive
What is a product manager
Manages product, knows the market, oversee product life cycle
What is a risk
A POTENTIAL(perceived, uncertain) event that might happen in the FUTURE
What is a issue
A problem or issue that is negative and has already happened
What is an assumption
Statement or believe considered to be true for the sake of decition making and planning
What is the document for ethics PMI
PMI code of ethics and professional conduct
What is the PMI code of ethics and professional conduct?
Reflects morals and expectations
What is PMIs 4 values
responsibilty, respect, fairness and honesty
What does stewardship include
internal and external responsibilites, care, compatibility, integraty, trustworthiness
PM Performance domain:
Work in unison and integrated system for effective delivery
stakeholder engagement domain: stages of dealing with stakeholders
identify stakeholders, understand their needs, know their wants, prioitize requests, engage, monitor requests and maker sure they are filled
What is happening if the stakeholder is constantly making change requests
the plan and their vision dont align
Where do you find the risks assigned to each stakeholder?
Risk register
Team performance domain includes
shared ownerships, high performance, appropiate leadership
Types of leadership
Centralized and deceminated
What does the servant leadership do
Empowers team, remove obstacles, knows the needs of the team
What is shared ownership
the team knows the VISION and OBJECTIVE
What is delivery cadence
when you plan the FREQUENCY and TIME of a deliverable release
What does a high performing team entail
resilant and adaptable, empowered,and collaborative/trusts each other
What is a KPI
key performance indicator
What are the types of KPIs
leading indicator and lagging indicator
what does SMART stand for
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, timely
What is hawthorne effect
people work differently/hard when they are watched, difficult to replicate the times that have recorded
What is a vanity metric
A stat that makes them look good without futher context
What is being domaralized
When a team is demoralized they cant meet a metric
Misusing metric
untruthful
How do you handle uncertainty
gather info, be prepared for multiple outcomes, be resilient
What is an ITTO
Input, tools and texhniques, outcome
What is a process
ITTOs
What is a input
raw materials
what are tools and techniques
the ACTIONS to change the raw materials to outputs
what are outputs
end results
What are the process groups
intiating, planning, executing, monitor and controlling, close
When do you do monitor and controlling
throughout all process groups
Draw the process groups
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How many ittos are there
660+
How many processes are there
49
What are common inputs
EEF, OPA
What does EEF stand for
Enterprise Environmental Factor
What does OPA stand for
organization process asset
What is an eef
anything that isnt a doc, related to culture, internal and external
What is opa
document, template, lessons learned that can be stored in a centralized repository
What are project docs
Documents that are used throughout the processes but are not part of the project management placess
How many components are there of a PMP
18
How many baselines are there of a PMP
4
How many plans are part of a PMP
14
What is SME
subject matter expert
What is a subject matter expert
someone with specialized knowledge
What is data representation
data being shown in charts and graphs for decision making
How to make decisions
voting, autocratic, multicriteria decision analysis with a matrix
What does PMIS stand for
project management information system
What is a PMIS
an automated system for tracking, it includes hardware and softwares, it include a configuration management systems, and work authorization systems
What is work performance data
raw data, shared the status of a deliverable before the analysis
What is work performance information
taking data and comparing it to baseline to give status of deliverable
what is a work performance report
overall status report
What do you do with gifts and donations
do not accept unless customary to that country
Who do you tell about conflicts of interest
Higher management
What if company B is asking about information from company A
you need to get permission to release it
who do you report any issues against PMI
To PMI
What was agile orginally built for?
software
What is agile an umbrella term for?
Iterative projects
What is the most used agile method
scrum
What are the agile methods
scrum, kanban, xp, lean
what does xp stand for
extreme programming
what is the acronym for extreme programming
xp
when do you plan in an agile project
throughout
when do you pay for an agile project
throughout, incrementally
when do you receive value in an agile project
through, but most value in the beginning
What are agiles values called
agile declaration on interdependance
What do they encourage with testing in agile
fail fast and early and often
What is the inverted triangle
that traditional cant adjust scope and agile cant adjust time and money
What are the agile manifesto
the values of agile
List the agile manifesto
Individuals and interactions over process and tools, working software over documents, customer collaboration over, contact negotiation, change over plan
What is the shared definition of done
When the CUSTOMER and TEAM have a shared definition of done. We need this because the scope is always changing. Need to decide when to be done,
In agile, how do you satisfy the customer
The early and continuous delivery of deliverables
In agile, what do you build projects around?
Motivated people
What is the best way to converse in agile?
face to face, low tech high touch
In agile, what is the primary measure of success
working software (likely accepting deliverable as well)
What is promoting sustainable development/
you want there to be consistent qualtiy deveopment per sprint, you want to give them a realastic work load
how many agile manifesto values are there
4
Does agile like complex or simple things
simple
What are the core concepts of a agile team
self organizing and self directing
How man agile principals are there
12
Who is the product owner
represents the customer, works the backlog to prioritize to represent the vision, determines acceptance criteria, attends planning, review and retro spective meetings, determines release date
Who manages a agile project
Agile PM or Scrum Master
What is a product backlog
a list of requirements requested by stakeholders
What is a sprint planning meeting
a meeting with the TEAM to plan what working on in the next sprint
What is a sprint backlog
a list of requirements you will be working on in the next sprint
how long is an agile sprint
1-4 weeks
how long should a daily standup meeting be
15 min
what is a sprint review meeting
a meeting with the customer where you inspect what was done during the sprint
what is retrospective meeting
a meeting with the TEAM to talk about what went wrong, what went right, and lessons learned
WHat is a partially completed product
a partially completed product is given to customers to demo and give feedback
What is a release in the agile process
it takes multiple iterations to get a release, it determines if the product is shippable
What is the term for determine how much work someone can do in a sprint
team velocity
Can a customer add more requirements during the sprint review meeting
yes
Can a customer add more requirements during a sprint
no
What is a agile project considered done
When a project runs ou of time and/or money
How many iterations on average does it take for a product to be shippable
3
What questions are asked during a daily stand up meeting
What did you do yesterday, what will you do today, are there any blockers?
what is the most popular agile framework
scrum
what are the 3 pillars of scrum
transparency, adaptability, inspection
who decides the acceptance criteria in a agile project
product owner
who decides when a product is released in agile
product owner
who prioitizes the backlog in agile
product owner
who gives the requirements for a agile project
product owner
what meetings does the product owner attend
gather requirements/planning, sprint review, retrospective
what does a scrum master do
protects the team from external interruption and enhances productivity, assisting the product ownerq
what are the characteristics of a daily standup meeting
15 mins, same time and place, 3 questions
how long is a sprint review meeting
1 hr
how long is a retrospective meeting
2 hr
what should you ask about during a spring retospective meeting
what went well, what went bad, what should we do more of, what should we do less of
What are scrum artifiacts
spring backlog, product backlog, deliverable
What is grooming the backlogq
reviewing and repriotitizing the backlog, especificall if things are added, removed, or complete
who defines the definition of done
probably product owner, but the product owner and team def need to agree oni t
who determines what is on the sprint backlog
team
What needs to be highly visible on a agile project
sprint backlog (information radiators)
what does DOD stand for
definition of done
When should the definition of done be defined
beginning of project
What is an example of the definition of done
passes X test, meets X benchmark
what is XP
extreme programming
what is the acronyms for extreme programming
XP
what does extreme programming focus on
software
what are the core values of XP
simplicity, communication, feedback, courage, respect
who is responsible on a scrum project
the whole team
what are the frameworks of agile
scrum, xp, lean, kanban
what framework has a coach and customer in agile
xp
what famwork has a program and testers
xp
what is another work for product owner
customer (not sure how true this is based on the exam mock)
what is another word for coach
scrum master
what is another word for scrum master
coach
what do testers do on an agile project
works with customer to define what test needs to be done to say the project is done
what is release planning
the plan to push product all the way to production
what is iteration planning
a sprint plan
how long is a iteration
1-2 weeks in xp
what is another word for sprint
iteration is xp
what agile frame is release planning and iteration planning part of
xp
what agile framework uses small releases
xp
what is a small release
xp usues small release to release small components of a project. the customer can use it and also give feedback to improve quality, it can also be released to a testing environment
what are customer tests in agile
tests that the customer decides will show the software is working
what is collective code ownership
when multiple people own and work on the code. this increases the chance of catching errors and improve quality
what are code standards
what there is a standed to coding to look like one person is working on it
what is it called to have coding written in a way that it looks like one person wrote it
code standards
what is it called to have multiple people working and owning a code
code ownership
what are metaphors used for in agile
programmers used them for lay people to understand
what is continuous integration
continuously bringing your whole code together to make sure it works
what is it called to continuously bringing your whole code together to make sure it works
code integration
what is tdd
test drive development
what is it called to making a test prior to developing a product
test driven development
what is test drive development
making a test prior to developing a product
what is pair programming
is code written by 2 people as a pair
code should always be…
simple
what can a simple design code do
be testable, understandable, browsable, explainable
what code should be testable, browsable, explainable, and understandable
simple design code
what is refactoring
in agile when you make a process in the plan to make sure the code is clean
what is the process called that makes sure the code is clean
refactoring
what is the XP word for scrum
iteration
what is the xp work for scrum master
coach
what is the xp word for retrospective
reflection
what is the xp word for release
small release
what is the xp word for sprint planning
planning game
what is the xp word for development team
team
what is the xp work for daily scrum
daily standup
what is the scrum word for daily standup
daily scrum
what is the scrum work for coach
scrum master
what is the scrum word for customer
product owner
what is the scrum work for reflection
retrospective
what is the scrum word for iteration
sprint
what is the scrum work for planning game
sprint pllanning
what is the scrum word for daily standup
daily scrum
who started lean
toyota
what are lean principles
eliminate waste,empower team, deliver quick, optimize whole, build quality, defer decisions, amplify learn
what are the seven wastes of lean
partially done work, extra processes, extra features, waiting, motion, defects, task switching
what is task switching
having one person on multiple projects, you want one person per project
what type of note does kanban use
sticky note
what system does kanban use
pull system and linear system
what does kanban mean
signboard
what are the columns of a kanban board
items, in progress, testing, done
when using kanban how many sticky notes can be in progress
6
when using kanban how many sticky notes can be in testing
4
what is kanban known for
limit work in progress
what does a linear system mean
that one person is working on one item, and when it is done it gets passes on to another person
what are kanban principles
visualize workflow, limit work in progress, manage flow, improve collaboration, make policies explict
what law is related to limit work in progress
little’s laww
what is wip
work in progress
what is littles law
helps you understand how long it will take a task to complete once its already started/ in que by looking at the cycle time
what is the equation for littles law
cycle = unfinished work (units)/ finished work (time)
draw a picture of a littes law chart
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should the ceo be a manager or leader
leader
what does a servant leadeship do
remove interruptions, remove imediment, share vision, know needs of team
what is modeled desired behaviour
a leadership tactic. show the behaviour you want to see from your team
what characteristic do you want to see out of your leader
honesty
when do you deliver value in agile
early and often, prioritize these features on th elog
what do you do if a feature is high risk in agil
put them as the first features
how do you satisfy customers in agile
know their needs, keep them engaged, and get them confident in the team
how do you maximize value
reduce waster
What is does ROI stand for
return on investment
What is an ROI
the return on investment is a PERCENTAGE that shows how much money you madce/benefits from the money invested (profit). ROI of 20% is that you got all the money you put in back plus a profit of 20%
What does IRR stand for
Internal Rate of Return
what is a IRR
an internal rate of return is an interest rate, the higher the interest rate, the more money you get back in the future, it also consideres the NPV
what is a NPV
a net present value is thinking abou the value of you money now and how much it will be worth in the future due to inflation
what does NPV stand for
net present value
when should you consider regulatory compliance
beginning of projectw
what is regulatory compliance
mandated requirements set by government
what can risk pose a threat to
value
what causes anti value
risks
how do you manage risks is agile
risk burndown chart, risk adjusted backlog,
what do customers prioritize risk on
value, risk, and dependeices
what priortization methods are used with customers to prioritize requirements
simple scheme,100 point method, monopoly, dot voting, MosCoW, Kano Anlysis
What is a simple scheme
a method used to prioritize things, list from 1,2,3
what is 100 point method
a method used to priotitize things based on giving points
what monoploy
a method used to prioritize features based on monopoly money
what is MosCow
a method used to prioritize features, Must have, should have, could have, would like to have
what is dot voting
a way to prioitize featuers by using dots
what is kano analysis
measures customers satisfaction with features: must be (basic features), performance, attractive (highest)
what is important to do before delivering a product
sending it to go get tested
what is another word for dot voting
multivoting
what is a cost of change
it is important to put a product under testing to catch bugs early on cause the longer it takes the more it costs
what is an MVP
minimum viable productw
what is a minimum viable product
giving part of the product out TO USE before it is fully done. example release one component from the full project
what does CFD stand for
cumulative flow diagram
what is a cumulative flow diagram
shows how work is progressing (looks like through the kanban phases) , it helps you identify a bottleneck if a phase is larger than another and work complete is low. The bottle neck occurs in the phase that is after the large oned
draw a cumulative flow diagram
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what are the different types of agile contracts
money for nothing, change for free;graduated fixed price; fixed price work package
what domain is graduated fixed price, and fixed price work package from
agile
what is money for nothing, change for a free
a type of CONTRACT, where the product is done without completing all features listed so you get to keep the money for the rest of them and you can make changes to the list of features for free
what is graduated fixed price
a CONTRACT where the buyer and seller share the same risk. the hourly wage is dependent on if they finsih early, finish late, etc
what is a fixed price work package
takes away risk of over estimating because a price is assigned per feature
what is a gulf of evaluation
when the customer states what they want and the team understands it wrong
how would you confirm that you interpreted the customers vision correctly
feedback loops, agile modeling tool,data models, screen designs, wireframes, and persona
what do you do if someone doesnt know their role in agile
educate them about it
what do the team and customer need to have a shared vision of
definition of done
what is a agile modeling tool
a tool used to confirm the vision of the customer -often a user case diagram
what consists of a agile charter
5w, and 150 character
what is the project charter for agile
agile charter
what is user case diagram
a agile tool to confirm the customers vision, visually show how and when someone would use the app
draw a user case diagram
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what is a data model
a agile tool used to show to the customers vision, it is when data is put into tables and then with a line shows their relationship
what is a screen design
draw the screen shots
what is a wireframe
used to confirm a customers vision.. is a quick and low fiedlity protoyype of the customers vision
what is a persona
used to confirm a customers vision. it is a description of the protentional user, says their name, a description of who they are, and what value or goal they are wanting (what feature they want)
draw a persona
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what are some examples of knoweldge sharing tools with the team
whiteboard, wireframe, kanban
how do you categorize stakeholders in agile
red zone, green zone
what is a workshop
a meeting where you get work done
what is an example of a workshop meeting
retrospective,
how do you have more effective workshops
diverse group of people, round robin, everyone participates in first few mins
what meeting do you have to engage stakeholders to write a user story
userstory workshop
what are brainstorming methods
free for all, round robin, quiet writing
what a collaboration games used in agile
remember the future, pruning the product tree, and speedboat (sailboat)
What is speedboard
a collaborative game where you draw waves boat, sail, and anchor. u put sticky notes on the sail for activities you think would help the project and sticknotes on the anchor that would hinder the project. This helps identiy threats and opportunities
what is prune the product tree
a collaborative game where you draw a tree, with roots at the bottom. you give out sticky notes and put them on the tree. featyres that are higher depend on other freatures. this helps you prioritiz and order features
what is remember the future
a collaborative game that asks that asks the stakeholder to envision a successful project and say what it looks like and what the steps were required to get there. help understand the customers definition of success
what are the steps of active listening
1 (internal): how will it effect me, 2 (focus): put self in shoes; 3 (gloabal): body laduage
what does a facilitator need to know
meeting rules, meeting goals, timing, assissting others
what are levels of conflict
- problem to solve, 2. disagreement (i dont like how u are doing it i like how im doing it), 3. contest (must win competition), 4. crusade (protect my group i dont care about your group), 5. (world war) must destroy other person and need to be removed
what methods are used for making decisions
voting, thumbs up down sideways, fist of five (1 total support)
what are characteristics of teams in agile?
self directing and self organixing
what does cocomo stand for
constructive cost model
what is cocomo used for
yo determine cost of variables, shows thar people have the highest score of 33
what is the pm role in relation to the team in agile
one of the team members rather than lead
what are the skill improvement models
shu=ha-ri, and dreyfus mode3l developmENT
WHAT IS SHU HA RI
a skill deveopment model: shu=obey, ha=move away, ri=individual path
what is the dreyfus model
a skill development model: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert
what is tuckmans 5 stages of team development
form, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
what type of leadship do you used with tuckmans stages
forming = directing, storming = coaching, norming = supportive, performing =delegating
what is osmotic communication
allows information flow, can hear peoples daily convos, 33ft/10 meters away from each other
what is it called to allows information flow, can hear peoples daily convos, 33ft/10 meters away from each other
osmotic communication
what is tacit knowledge
know that you learn over time through experience
what is know that you learn over time through experience
tacit knowledge
how do you manage risk on a project
risk adjusted backlog, risk burn down chart
what can you use to track team performance in agile
burn up, burn down, and velocity charts
what is a burn up chart
shows how much work is completed
what do you use in agile to track project progress
burn up, burn down chart
what is a burn down chart
shows how much work is left to do
what is a velocity chart
shows how much work can get done in an iteration
what is veloctiy
how much work can get done, or points that can get done, in an iteration
how can you use a velocity chart to calculate velocity
look at how many points were complete per iteration, calculate average
what do trial and demonstration show
true requirements
what can you do to see what the customer values
design product box
what are coarse grain requiements
important to keep requirements rough in the beginning as delayed decisions help you make the right decision
what is time boxing
fixed time period
what if a tasks doesnt get completed in the set time box
create another time box
how long is a stand up meeting in agile
15 mins
what is emv
estimated monetary value of how much a risk will be
what is evm
earned value management
what does an estimate look like
it is in ranges
who does the estimates in agile
team
what is an ideal time
the time it takes to complete a task without any interruptions or problems
what is the activitiy decomposition in agile
epic, features, stories, ttasks
what are user stories
requirements on the backlog, acts as an agreement with the team and customer to often build a feature that takes 1-3 days/40 hours
what is an example of a user story
as a USER TYPE, i want FEATURE, so that I can VALUE
what are the 3 Cs of stories
card, conversation, confirm
what do effective user stories follow
INVEST: independent, negotiable, valuable, estimatable, small, testable
what requirements get put to the top of a backlog
high value, and sometimes high risk
what estimates are used in agile
fibonacci sequence, wideband delphi, tshirt sizing, planning poker, affinity estimating
what is fibonacci sequence
1,2,3,5. These are points you are giving features. must have an explanation of why gave that point
what is affinity estimating
when you group features by same points
what is tshirt sizing estimates
when you lay down differnt tshirt sizes and you place features in the sizes based on importance
what is wideband delphi
anonymous way to make estimates with experts. wideband delphi helps you avoid HIPPO, bandwagon effect, group think
what is bandwagon effect
when group jumps on bandwagon of the loudest person in the room
what is a HIPPO
highest person paid opinion – people follow this person
what is group think
whne people want to avoid conflict they agree with the majority
what is planning poker
everyone is given cards with point and they anonymously hand them in to assign points. majority wins, if there is no majority, highest point wins
what are user story maps
serves as a product road map for user stories planning…shows releases. themes, epics, release 1, release 2
what are product road maps
categorize items by team
what are the type of iterations
iteration 0 (getting familiar with tasks), development iteration (4), iteration H (clean up docs_
what are spikes
a few hours of work to do before the iteration is done
what types of spike are there
artichtectual spike (proof of concept), risk based spike
what is a architectural spike
proof of concept, confirming that a software workd before using it
what is a risk based spike
confirming that your backup plan will work
what do you do during an iteration planning meeting in agile
plan what features youl work on, define acceptance criteria, breakdown tasks and estimates
what do you do during release planning
use velocity to determine what iteration should start working on certain features to meet release date
what is slicing the stories
when user stories are too big for 1 iteration, it will be sliced into multiple iterations
what is technical debt
when you code too quickly and the coding has too many mistakes
what is refactoring
when you add a process into you plan to check for mistakes in coding
what is it called when you add a process into you plan to check for mistakes in coding
refactoring
what is it called when you code too quickly and the coding has too many mistakes
technical debt
what is lead time
this is different than “lead” , this is how long it takes to go through the ENTIRE process
what is cycle time
part of lead time, how long it takes to go through PART of the process
how do you calculate cycle time
cycle = WIP/ throughput (amount of work that can be done in a time period)
what are escaped defect
defects that get into the hand of the customer
what is it called when defects that get into the hand of the customer
escaped defect
what is a leading metric
same as leading indicator, when it provides info o future events
what is a lagging metric
same as lagging indicator, when it provides info on something that already happened
what are control limites
a range of limited that helps you identify when you are out of control
how do you calculate expected monetary value
probability x impact
what is risk severity
how mcuh impact the risk has
what does a risk burndown chart show
the severity of a risk over time
draw example of a risk burndown chart
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what term is used to describe continuous improvement
kaizen
what is PDCA
is a cycle of kaizen, to improve. Plan, do, check, act (if it doesnt work)
what is the agile version of PDCA
plan, develop, evaluate, learn
what is process tailoring
to tailor a process to a project if it fits
what is a value stream map
related to lean, when you try to make processes more efficient by improving the flow of work. you do this by wanting to improve a process, create a value stream map with the times, fk d waste time, create a new map with desired changes, create a ROADMAP to how you will get those changes, revisit
what is a premorton
a meeting to discuss things that could cause failures before they take place and what can be done–this is with a team
what is it called when a meeting to discuss things that could cause failures before they take place and what can be done–this is with a team
premortom
how long is a retrospective meeting
2 hours
what are the stages of a retrospective meeting
set the stage (what are we doing), gather data about what happened, generate insight about why, decide what to do, close retrospective
how long does each stage take in the retrospecive meeting
set the stage (6 min), gather data (40 min), generate insights (25 min), decide what to do(20 min), close retrospective (20 min)
what are the acitivities of the set the stage step in the retrospective meeting
check in, focus on/off, ESVP (explorer, shopper, vacationer, prisioner)
what are the activities of the gathering data step in the retrospective meeting
create timeline; mad, sad, glad; triple nickle (in a group of 5, write on 5 index cards, for 5 mins about 5 issues)
what are the activities of the decide what to do step in the retrospective meetin
SMART GOAL, Short subjects
what are the activities of the generate insight step in the retrospective meetin
5 whys, brainstorms, fishbone analysis, prioirtizr doys
what are short subjects
part of the decide what to do activitiy in the retro specifive meeting where you say: start doing, stop doing, do more of, do less of
what does a smart goal stand for
specific, measureable, attainable, relevant and timely
what are the activities of the close retrospecitive in the retrospective meetings
PLUS/DELTA (do more of, do less of)
what do you do a self assessment in agile
before the next iteration
what are the traditional phases
initiation, planning, execution, monitor and controlling, close
what is a project charter
a document that initiates and authorizes the project or phase, and gives authority to the PM to use resources. it states everything about the project high level
what are the inputs of a project charter
business docs (business case, benefit management plan), and agreement
what is the output of a project charter
project charter and assumption log
what is a business case
a doc that states why a project is worth it, a statement of why you are doing a project EX we need to do X to meet government guidelines
what is a project benefit mangement plan
a document that states the benefit of doing a project and what it will produce once completed, states more information
how do you figure out the benefit of a project
cost benefit analysis
what are the agreements listed in the project charter
SLA, LOI, external
what is an assumption log
a LIST of things that you PERCEIVE to be true, AND things that might CONSTRAIN the project
what do you look at then something goes wrong
risk register or assumption log
what are the data representation tools of identify stakeholders
power interst grid, saliance model, stkaeholder cube, directions of influence, priortization,
what are the data anlysis tools of identify stakeholders
stakeholder analysis
what are the tools of identify stakeholders
stakeholder analysis,power interst grid, saliance model, stakeholder cube, priortization,
what does a stakeholder analysis include
name, role, active or passive, effect (pos or neg), authority (pay for project)
what is another word for a power interest grid
power influence grid, impact influece
what is a stakeholder cube
it is a 3d cube to show power, influence and interest
what is a saliance model
a 3d cube, that shows power, urgency, legitamcy (involvement)
what are the directions of influence
upward, downward, sideways, outward
what are the outputs of idetifying stakeholders
stakeholder register
what is a stakeholder register
lists the name, role, contact information, communication requirements, power of influence*, and expectations (how often contacted) of a stakeholder
what document did you look at when you want to know the power of a stakeholder
stakeholder register
how many baselines are there in a project management plan
4 (scoprr, schedule, cost, performance)
how many subsidary plans are there in a project management paln
14
who sign the project management plan
senior management, sponsor
what is a management plan vs a baseline
a baseline tells you what it is and a plan tells you the steps for how to do it. EX cost baseline is 10,000
what does a scope management plan do
says how the scope will be defined, validated and controlled throughout, how WBS and scope statement will be maintained, how to manage change requests with scope
what is a product scope
stating the features and functions that chracterize a product, service, or result
what is a project scope
the work of a project and its deliverables
what is gold plating
doing EXTRA work not listed in the scope
what is scope creep
it is UNAUTHORIZED work ADDED to the scope
what is a requirement management plan
how the requirements will be analyzed, managed and documented, will state what needs to be gathered for the TRACEIBILITY matrix
what doc do you look at to understand WBS management
scope management plan
what doc do you look at to know what should be gathered for the traceability matrix
requirement management plan
what are the outputs of plan scope management
scope management plan, requirement management plan
what do you do during collecting requirements
gathering the needs of the people, this is important because it influences the rest of the components in the project
what is benchmarking
minimum performance, industry standard, what you compare to
how do you collect requirements
benchmark, analyze documents, policies, etc; mind mapping, affinty diagram, context diagram, prototype, job shadowing
draw a mind map
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draw an affinity may
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what is an affinty map used for
grouping items
what is a mind map used for
connecting flow of ideas
what is a conext diagram
shows how peoples, business, processes interact
draw a context diagram
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what is the output of collect requirements
requirements doc, requirement tracebility matrix
what is a requirements doc
list of requirements, acceptance criteria, objectives, legal or ethical compliance, assumption or constraints, quality requirements
what doc do you look at to get the acceptance criteria in traditional
requirements doc, scope statement
What is a requirement traceibility matrix
requirement, who request it, description of a reuiqrment, status of requirement
in traditional, what document states the description of a reuiquirement
requirement traceibility matrix
in traditional, what document states the status of a reuiqrment
requirement traceibility matrix
what doc states the quality req
reuirement doc
what is a product analysis
tryiing to understand what exists and what people want by doing a product breakdown, system analysis, system requirements
what are the tools for traditional define scop
product analysis
what does a scope statement include
the works and deliverables, descriptoin, acceptance criteria, constraints, risk, exclusion
what are the tools for create WBS
expert judgement, decomp
what are the outputs for create WBS
scope baseline, WBS, WBS dictionary, scope statement, assumption log,
what states responsibilities in traditional
WBS and RACI, resource management plan
who creates the WBS
PM and team
are there overlaps in WBS
no
what is the order of hierarchy in WBS
project, control account, work package
what is a WBS Dictionary
who is assigned, description of the work package, ID estimates, milestone , quality requirement
what are the tools of define activities in traditional
decomposition, rolling wave planning
what is rolling wave planning
doing planning in sections, helps with progressive elaboration
where is activities in the hierarchy
though it isnt part of the WBS, activities is below work package
what is the output of define activities
activity list, activity attributes, milestone list
can acitivities map out to multiple work packages
no just one
what does a activity list include
activity, description, ID
what doc would you look at to read the description of an activity
activitiy list
what would the activity attributes include
additional info about acitivies like location
what does a precedence diagram do
helps with sequencing work packages together
relationship iin schedule sequence
finish to start, start to start, finish to finish, start to finishw
what are the dependencies in a sequence schedule
mandatory depednence (hard logic), soft logic (discretionary dpendence),externay dependency, internal dependency
what is lead time
overlap
what is lag time
over lap
what is the output of a sequence activity
schedule network diagram
what are the tools used for estimating duration
analogous, bottom up, parametric, reserves, , 3 point estimatew
what is a bottom up estimate
more accurate, breaks down everything into details and finds out the price
what are the 3 estimates in PERT
pesimistic, optimistic, mostlikely/realistic
what is another word for analogous
top downw
what is the c alculation for the 3 point estimate
(o+ p+ 4m)/6
what are the outputs or activity duration
activity duratiins, basis of estiamtes
what do basis docs do
state how you got to an estimate and their ranges
what does the standard of deviation calcuation do
give ranges
what is the standard of deviation calculation
(p-0)/3
what is the triange distribution equate
o+p+r/3
what are the tools of develop schedule
schedule netwtork analyisis, resource optiomization technique, schedule compression, leads and leags, what if
what is another word for what ifs
monte carlo
what do you do what if analysis for
identify risk
what do you want to do with the schedule during resource optimization
flatten the schedule through resource levelling
what are the two types of schedule compression
fast tracking and crashing
what is crashing
when you put in more resources to speed up schedule
what is fast tracking
where you have activities run parallel so you can speed up schedule. this is more risky
what is the output of calendars
project calednary (shifts), schedule data (data you used to calculate everything), schedule (milestone, gantt, bar), schedule baseline
what is a schedule baseline
a list of activiites with start and end dates
where do you find shifts
project calendar
what is a critical path
the longest amount of time it takes to go through the project
what is another work for float
total float and slack
what is float
the amount of time you can delay an ACTIVITY without delaying the schedule. activities on the critical path have no slack because its already maximum amount of time
what is free float
hold long you can delay an activity without delaying the next activity
does the critical path have slack time
no, no delays
what is value engineering or value analysis
makes something the cheapest way but good quality
what is a fixed cost
does not changed (rentals)
what is a variable cost
changes throughout the project (gas)
what are direct costs
costs that are directly billed to projectwh
what are indirect costs
costs that are no directly billed to the project because the resources are shared
what are sunk costs
money that has been spend on a project that cannot be recovered
what are the estimates/accuracy/confidence intervals
definitive, budget, rough order of magnitude
what is the most accurate esitmate
directive estimate
what is the range for directive estimate
-5 - +10
what is the range for a budget estimate
- 10 -+25
what is the range for a rough order of magenitude
- 25 - +75
what is the cost of quality
the more money you put into quality the better itll be: succesful projects have money gointo training, equipment, inspenction, failusre can be internal or external
what is a contingency reserve
money put towards a known/unknown risk
what is a management reserve
money put into unknown unknown risk
why does a historial information review
to get info about how to make a budgetw
what is a funding limitation reconcialiation
when you review your run rate of the prooject and if you spent too much money you may need to limit money in other areas of the project
what is the output of the cost estimate
cost baseline (s curve), budgget, project funding requirements
what output has a s curve
cost baseline
what does the cost baseline consist of
cost of all + contingency reserve
what does the budge consist of
cost baseline + management reserve
what is a trigger point
at what point do things start changing
how do you have effective quality
put money into it, build quality into culture, include it in the plan
what is the ultimate test of quality
customer satisfaction
what is qualtiy compared against
, the benchmark of other companies
what is conformance and non conformance
related to quality, conformance is preventative cost and appraisal cost. non conformance is internal and external failure costs
what data representation tools are used for quality paln
logical model matrix, mind mapping, flow chart
what are the tools for resource manaemen t plan
hierarchial, text oriented, matrix (RACI/RAM)
what is RACI
who is responsible for what, who is accountable (who to blame), who is consulted (who can get help from), who is informed
what does RAM stand for
responsibility assignment matrix
what was the output of resource management plan
resource management plan, team charter
what is on the team charter
rules, team, what we are working toward, how we are working together
what is process is PERT part of
estimate schedule and estimate cost (not estimate resources)
what are the outputs of estimate resource output
resource requirements, resources breakdown stucture, basis of estimates
what are the resource requirements
detailed types and numbers of resources for each activity
what are resources breakdown structure
hierarchially breaking down resources into categories
what are the tools of a communication plan
communication analysis (communication channels). communication technology, communication methods, communication model, cultural, political
what is a communication channel
types of communication needed between stakeholders
what is the equation for communication channel
n(n-1)/2
how do you select communication technology
ease of use, urgency, privacy
what is formal communication
1 way
what are the different types of communication methods
informal written, informal verbal, formal written, formal verbal, push, pull
what are the different types of communication models
sender, receiver, encoder, decorder, paralingual, non verbal, comms blockw
what is a paralingual
tone and inflection
what is stated in a comms plan
who contact, what comms, who should send, how often
what types of risks are there
pos,neg; overall (sum of individual), individual
who do you work with to create a risk management plan
everyone , inclduing PMO
what is acceptable risk
risk a company is willing to take on
what ae the tools of identify risk
prompt list, document analysis, assumprion and constraint analysis, root cause analysis, SWOT analysis
what is a prompt list
a lsit of predetermined risks
what is the difference between risk register and risk report
risk register is individual, risk report is overall
what is listed in a risk register
risk id, risk, cause, project area, response
what are the tools for qualitative analysis
probabiliyy impact analysis (ranks), probablity impact matric, bubble chart, risk data qualtiy
what is listed in a risk probability impact matrix
risk, probbaility, impact, score, rank (high med low)
how do you get score in proability impact matrix
probability + impact
what does a bubble chart do
show what should be proioritized based on size
what ae the tools of quantitiative risk analysis
tornado chart, decision tree
what is emv
expected monetary value
what does a tornado chart do
helps you identiy what part of the project getting impacted the most
what is a deicision tree
helps you determine how much money you will lost and make a deicision from there– related to emv
how do you calculate emv
risk x probability
what are snesitivity analysis
tornado chart, decision tree
what are the positive risk responses
share, accept, escalate, enhance, exploit
what are the negative risk responses
transfer, accept, avoid, escalate, mitigate
what are contingent response strategies
strategies only used under certain circumstances
what is a fixed price contract
buy pays one flat price for materials and labour , use when scope is defined, risk is with the seller
what traiditional contract puts risk on seller
fixed contract
what contract do you use with scope if defined
fixed contractedwh
what are the types of fixed contracts
firm fixed priced, fixed price incentive free, fixed prived, economical price adjusted
what is a fixed priced incentive fee contract
fixed price but will pay more at end if you meet target like finish a week early (ths difference with graduated fixed price is that graudated will give you an hourly wage rather than a lump sump
what is a fixed price economial adjusted
fixed but reviewed every year if fpr inflation
what contract do you use if scope is unclear
cost reimbursable
what are the types of cost resimburasable contracts
cost plus fixed fee, cost plus incentive fee, cost plus award fee
what is a cost plus fixed fee contract
pay for materials then a fixed fee for profit
what is a cost plus incentive fee
pays materials plus additional fee if meet incentive
what is cost plus award fee
pay materials plus award based on satisfaction
what is a time material contract
when pay for time and material, all risk is going on buy, only when scope is high level and dont know ho wmuch will need
what contract is risky for buyer
time material
what contract do use when scope is high level
cost mertial contract
what are the tools of procurement
make or buy analysis, market research, source selection analysis
what are the outputs of procurement management plan
procurement management plan, procurement statemenr of work, procurement strategy, bid doc, source selction criteria, independent estimate, make or buy decision
what doc would you use to select a vendore
procurement management plan
what is a independent estimate
used for procurement, third part analysis
what bid docs are there
proposal, request for information, invitation for bid, request for proposal, request for quote
what is the output if manage and direct work
deliverable, work performace data, issue log
what are the types of change requests
corrective, preventative, defect repair
what are the two types of knowledge
explicit and tacit
what is the difference between knowledge and information management
knowledge is sharing knowledge and information is storing docs
what is the output of manage project knowledge
lessons learned register
who manges lessons learn
PMO and PM
what is manage quality sometimes called
quality assurance
what are the tools of maange quality
affinity diagram, matrix, cause and effect, fishbone, histrogram, scatter plot
what is another work for fish bone diagram
ishikawa
WHAT DOES ishikawa show you
cause and effect for a defect, (the lines are defect)
what is another word for histogram
pareto
what does a histogram show you
the frquenxy of a defect
what is the 80,20 rule
with pareto diagram, says 80% of things are usually casue by 20% of things
what is design for X
design it with a particiualte feature or goal in minds
what doc do you review to get recommendations for improving quality
quality management plan and quality report
what are the tools of resource acquire
multidecision criteria analisys, negotiatie, preassign, virtual team
what are resource calendars
calednar for shift
what are the outputs for pacquire resources
physical resource assignment, project team asignment and resource calenday
what are the tools for develop team
colocation, virtual team, training. interpaersonal skills, comms, trch, individual team assessment, recognizition and awards
what is maslows hierarchy
physical, safety, social, esteem (respect), self actualization
what are motivation theories
theory z, mcgragor x and y, herzberg, expectancy, mccelland theory of needs
what is theory z
A
in japan, want to create loyalist , think wholistacally of employee
mcgregor theory x and y
x bad, y good
what is herberg theory of motivation
hygiene agents if removed will demotivte, motivating agents
what is mcceland needs theory
achievement, power, affiliation
what are forms of power
legit, expert, kindness, punishement ,reward
what is the output of develop team
team performance assessment (shows if team needs training, motivation), reduces staff turnover
what is the oscar model
a model to use for coaching and motive people: outcome, situation, choices, actions, review
what is the dexter sibbet model
used when devleoping a project: have meeting to answer why (kick off), who (trust build) , what (goal clarification), how (commitment), implemetation, high performance, renewal
what process has to deal with conflict management
manage team
what is th best conflict resolution
confronting, problem sovling
what are the different types of conflict resolution answers
problem solving (conforton), forcing, withdraw, smoothing, compromising
how do you deal with a problem
identify, analyze, look for solutions, implement, review soution, confirm solved
what is student syndrome
prograstinations
what is parkinsons law
drag out
what is sand bagging
when you under promise over achieve
wha is dropped baton
when first part finishes early but second part isnt ready
what does MBTI stand for
myers briggs type indicator
what is the way the remember MBTI
EIghty-SeveN Tax-Free Japanese Products
what is the list of MBTI
extrovert vs introvert, thinking vs feeling, sensing vs intutiont, judging vs perceiving
what process is project reporting in
manage comms
what are the tools of conduct procurement
bidder conference, anlsysis, negortiatione, advertise
what are the outputs of conduct procurement
select seller and agreement
what is the only process that has work performance repost in the process
monitor and control project work
what process do change requests go through
PICC process
who reviews change requests
change control board or sponsor
what do you do after getting a response for a change request
communicate it
what are the tools for PECC
change control tools
what are output of PECC
approved change request, project doc updates
what process formalizes the acceptance of the deliverable
validate scope
what is tecnically the process after control quality
validate scope
what happens during validate scopr
inspect, accept deliverable, chane request
what are the tools for control scope
variance analysis, trend analysis,
what is a common output for monitor and control
work performance info
what are tools for control schedule
performance review (actual start and finish),
what is the output for control schedule
schedule forecase
what is a schedule forecast
based on previous performance what is future performance
what are the tools for control cost
trend,variance, evm, resereve, to complete performance index
what are the outputs fo control cost
cost forecast
what process verifies the deliverable
control quality
what docs are used to audit
checklist, check sheet, inspect, samplingwha
what is a control chart
used to identify defect in control quality, you want to stay within rule of 7
draw control chart
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what is the rule of seven
related to a control chart, if 7 dots are below the dotted line (mean) then there is a defect
what process is only for physical resources not HR
control resources
if a vendor and PM cant come to an agreement, who steps in
claims administration
how do you close a procurement contract
signed off or write a written notice, (from authorized procurement administrator)
what do you do during close project
write final report, final transition
what is in the final report
a summary of what happened during the project, how successful it was and variations
