PMOC HISTORY Flashcards by Joyce Ramirez

Shen Nung Traditional Chinese Medicine

Ch’ang shang, ma huang

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Ch’ang shang use

Anti malarial

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Ma huang use

Asthma and bronchitis

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American Indians Drugs of Antiquity

Chaulmoogra fruit

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Chaulmoogra fruit use

Management of leprosy

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Brazil Drugs of Antiquity

Ipecacuanha root

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Ipecacuanha root use

Dysentery and amebiasis

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South American Indians drugs of antiquity

Coca leaves

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Coca leaves is use for

Fatigue

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Greek Apothecary

opium, squill, hyoscyamus, viper toxin, Cu, Zn ores, Fe sulfate, Cadmium oxide

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Ma huang scientific name

Ephedra sinica

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Paracelsus full name

Philippus Aureolus Theoprastus Bombastus Von Hohenheim

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Paracelsus believe in what element that can cuse all disease

Sb- Antimony

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He extracted morphine from poppy

Friedrich Sertürner

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Doctrine that any drug capable of producing detrimental symptoms in healthy individuals will relieve similar symptoms occurring as an expression of disease.

“similia similibus curantur”

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In 1810 he write the doctrine “similia similibus curantur”

Samuel Hahnemann

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In 1816 he isolated emetine from Ipecacuanha

Pierre-Pelletier

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What happen in 1820

Purification of caffeine, quinine and colchicine

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what happen in 1826

Mass production of Quinine Sulfate

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In 1845, he synthesize acetic acid

Adolph Kolbe

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What happen in 1878

British pharmacologist John – concept of biological receptor

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In 1886, what is the first alkaloid synthesis

Coniine

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Side chain theory

Paul Ehrlich

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First mass production of synthetic drug

Aspirin

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He discover penicillin

Alexander Fleming

Penicillin SN

Penicillium notatatum

Quinine sulfate is use for

Anti malaria

Derived from hemlock

Coniine

First prodrug synthetic treatment for general bacterial infection

Prontosil/Sulfamidochrysoidine

He discover prontosil

Gerhard Domagk

What happen in year 1940

Bacteriostatic action of Sulfonamide like drugs

single most important breakthrough in psychiatric treatment

Chlorpromazine

Metabolite of iproniazid whic is for TB

Isoniazid

first dibenzazepine and TCA

Imipramine

First commercially successful SSRI

Fluoxetine

He discover oxytocin

Henry dale

It is use to induce labor

Oxytocin

He discover thyroxine

Edward Kendall

It is important for metabolism

Thyroid hormone

Discover insulin

Charles Best and Frederick Banting

He converted diosgenin to progesterone

Russel Marker

He discover Norethindrone

Carl Djerassi

It is an oral contraceptive

Norethindrone

He discover progesterone + Norethindrone

John rock

Norethindrone BN

Norminest

It is an abortion pill

Mifepristone

Contents of Levonorgestrel or Plan B

Mefepristone + Misoprostol

dentist who administered Nitrous oxide during tooth extraction

Horace Wells

Use ether as an anesthetic ageng

Crawford Long

gave the first successful public demonstration of surgical anesthesia

William Morton

used as anesthetic agent at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital

Chloroform

Induces sleep

Laudanum

Hypnotics and Anticonvulsants

Bromides, chloral hydrate, paraldehyde, urethane and sulfenal

Adolph Von Beyer synthesize

5,5-diethylbarbituric acid

Introduced Phenobarbital (Luminal)

Bayer Pharm

Developed due to modification of the barbituric acid molecule

Hydantoins

He isolated cocaine

Albert Niemann

First to use cocaine for topical anesthesia in ophthalmological surgery

Carl Koller

determined the structure of cocaine and atropine

Richard Willstater

structural analogs of cocaine

Benzocaine, procaine, tetracaine and lidocaine

discovered Digitalis purpurea was beneficial to those suffering from abnormal fluid buildup

William Withering

isolated digitoxin

E. Humolle and T. Quevenne

discovered the first anticholesterol drug

Akira Endo

discovered Lovastatin

Merck

isolated digoxin

Sydney Smith

Digitoxin BN

Lanoxin

used for leukemia therapy

Sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard

first effective leukemia, discovered by

6 -mercaptopurine Gertrude Elion

Gold standard for cancer

Cisplatin

Paclitaxel discovered by

Moeroe Wall and Masukh Wani

Pacific Yew Tree | European Yew Tree

Taxus brevifolia | Taxus bacatta

Widely use cardiac glycoside

Digoxin

A scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacy involved with designing, synthesizing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. It also includes the study of existing drugs, their biological properties, and their Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR).

Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use.

Medicinal Chemistry

Focused on quality aspects of medicines and aims to assure fitness for the purpose of medicinal products

Pharmaceutical Chemistry

is a strategy of the essential importance for chemistry and pharmacy, based on the idea that when we change a structure of a molecule then also the activity or property of the substance will be modified.

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR)

includes synthesis, isolation, fermentation, screening, SAR studies

Discovery phase