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PMOC PDF 1 PART 1 > PMOC 2 SANITATION > Flashcards

PMOC 2 SANITATION Flashcards

1
Q

Application to living tissue for preventing infection

A

Antisepsis

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2
Q

Chemical or physical treatment that destroys most vegetative microbes or viruses, but nut spores, in or on inanimate surfaces

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

Destruction or marked reduction in the number of activity

of microorganisms

A

Decontamination

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4
Q

Reduction of microbial load on an inanimate surface to a level considered acceptable for public health purposes

A

Sanitation

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5
Q

Kills nonsporulating microorganisms by hot water or steam at 65-100°C

A

Pasteurization

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6
Q

Kill or remove all types of microorganisms, including spores, and usually including viruses with an acceptably low probability of survival

A

Sterilization

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7
Q

introduced antiseptic principles and phenol

A

Joseph Lister

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8
Q

Paul Ehrlich introduced

A

Salvarsan/magic bullet/Compound 606

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9
Q

First treatment for syphillis

A

Salvarsan

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10
Q

Most successful anti-infective agents

A

Mercury, Arsenic, Antimony

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11
Q

sleeping sickness treatment

A

Atoxyl (Sodium Arsanilate and Arsphenamine)

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12
Q

Anti infectives classification

A
  • Chemical types of the compound
  • Biological properties
  • Therapeutic indication
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13
Q

antibacterial potencies of the primary alcohols (against test cultures of Staphylococcus aureus) increase with molecular weight until the __-carbon atom octanol is reached

A

8

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14
Q

one oxygen atom is capable of solubilizing _______ atoms in water

A

seven or eight carbon

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15
Q

Astheprimaryalcoholchainlengthincreases,vanderWaals interactions increase, and the ability to penetrate microbial membranes _____.

A

increases

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16
Q

Aswatersolubilitydecreases,theapparentantimicrobial potency ____ with molecular weight.

A

diminishes

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17
Q

Branching of the alcohol chain _____ antibacterial potency; weaker van der Waals forces brought about by branching do not penetrate bacterial cell membranes as efficiently

A

decreases

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18
Q

Clear, colorless, volatile liquid

A

Ethyl alcohol

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19
Q

Burning taste, pleasant odor

A

Rectified spirit

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20
Q

Flammable, miscible with water in all proportions

A

Wine spirit

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21
Q

Soluble in most organic

solvents

A

Grain alcohol

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22
Q

Prepared by sulfuric-acid –

catalyzed hydration of ethylene

A

Spiritus vini rectificatus

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23
Q

It inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Fomepizole

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24
Q

It inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Disulfiram

25
Q

Approximately 95% ethanol by volume
and forms an azeotrope with water that distills at
78.2°C

A

Commercial Ethanol

26
Q

Unfit for use in intoxicating beverages

A

Denatured Alcohol

27
Q

With wood alcohol and benzene and is unsuitable for internal/external use

A

Completely denatured alcohol

28
Q

Ethanol treated with one or more substances that is permitted for a specialized purpose

A

Specially denatured alcohol

29
Q

NLT 99% w/w ethanol

A

Dehydrated alcohol

30
Q

Prepared by azeotropic distillation of an ethanol-benzene mixture

A

Dehydated alcohol

31
Q

Colorless, volatile liquid, slightly bitter taste and suitable substitute for ethanol but must not be
ingested

A

Isopropyl alcohol

32
Q

Prepared by sulfuric-acid – catalyzed hydrationof propylene

A

Isopropyl alcohol

33
Q

Colorless, flammable gas, liquefies at 12°C for temperature sensitive medical equipment
and heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals

A

Ethylene Oxide

34
Q

Diffuses readily through porous materials, destroys all forms of microorganisms and forms explosive mixtures in air at 3-80% by volume

A

Ethylene oxide

35
Q

37% w/v formaldehyde, with methanol added to retard polymerization

A

Formalin

36
Q

Germicidal action – direct, nonspecific alkylation of nucleophilic functional groups (amino, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl) in proteins and nucleic acids to form carbinol derivatives

A

Formaldehyde solution

37
Q

Diluted sol’n for heat-sensitive equipment

A

Glutaraldehyde

38
Q

2% Glutaraldehyde buffered at 7.5-8.0

A

Commercial Glutaraldehyde

39
Q

Defined as the ratio of a dilution of a given test disinfectant to the dilution of phenol that is required to kill a strain of Salmonella typhi under carefully controlled time and temperature conditions

A

Phenol coefficient

40
Q

Standard to which the activity of most germicidal substances is compared

A

Phenol

41
Q

Phenol aka

A

Carbolic acid

42
Q

Carboxide content

A

90% CO2 and 10% ethylene oxide

43
Q

Phenol containing 10% water

A

Liquefied Phenol

44
Q

+ camphor = liquid petrolatum – used as external antiseptic and anti-irritant

A

p – Chlorophenol

45
Q

Nonirritating antiseptic with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities

A

p – chloro – m – xylenol (Metasep)

46
Q

Used topically for ringworm infections – tinea pedis, tinea cruris

A

p – chloro – m – xylenol (Metasep)

47
Q

Simple aromatic alcohol

A

Phenol

48
Q

Hexachloropheneother names

A

Gamophen, Surgicon, pHisoHex

49
Q

Banned OTC – due to reports of neurotoxicity in bathed infants and burn patients cleansed with the agent

A

Hexachlorophene

50
Q

Mixture of 3 isomeric methylphenols

A

Cresol

51
Q

Yellow to brownish yellow liquid, unpleasant creosote odor

A

Cresol

52
Q

Obtained from coal tar/petroleum by alkaline extraction into aqueous medium, acidification, and
fractional distillation

A

Cresol

53
Q

Thymol aka

A

Isopropyl m-cresol

54
Q

Extracted from oil of Thymus vulgaris
Slightly soluble in water, extremely soluble in
alcohols and organic solvents
Mild fungicidal properties, used in alcohol sol’n
and dusting powders for ringworm infections

A

Thymol

55
Q

Obtained from clove oil

A

Eugenol

56
Q

With local anesthetic and antiseptic activities in mouthwash

A

Eugenol

57
Q

Crystallizes as white needles or as an amorphous powder, soluble in water and alcohol

A

Resorsinol

58
Q

White crystalline substance with faint phenolic odor produces numbness to tongue

A

Hexylresorcinol

59
Q

Effective against anaerobic bacteria and can be used in cleansing contaminated wounds

A

Oxidizing Agents

PMOC PDF 1 PART 1 (5 decks)

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