PMOC 2 SANITATION

Question 1

Application to living tissue for preventing infection

Answer 1

Antisepsis

Question 2

Chemical or physical treatment that destroys most vegetative microbes or viruses, but nut spores, in or on inanimate surfaces

Answer 2

Disinfection

Question 3

Destruction or marked reduction in the number of activity

of microorganisms

Answer 3

Decontamination

Question 4

Reduction of microbial load on an inanimate surface to a level considered acceptable for public health purposes

Answer 4

Sanitation

Question 5

Kills nonsporulating microorganisms by hot water or steam at 65-100°C

Answer 5

Pasteurization

Question 6

Kill or remove all types of microorganisms, including spores, and usually including viruses with an acceptably low probability of survival

Answer 6

Sterilization

Question 7

introduced antiseptic principles and phenol

Answer 7

Joseph Lister

Question 8

Paul Ehrlich introduced

Answer 8

Salvarsan/magic bullet/Compound 606

Question 9

First treatment for syphillis

Answer 9

Salvarsan

Question 10

Most successful anti-infective agents

Answer 10

Mercury, Arsenic, Antimony

Question 11

sleeping sickness treatment

Answer 11

Atoxyl (Sodium Arsanilate and Arsphenamine)

Question 12

Anti infectives classification

Answer 12

• Chemical types of the compound
• Biological properties
• Therapeutic indication

Question 13

antibacterial potencies of the primary alcohols (against test cultures of Staphylococcus aureus) increase with molecular weight until the __-carbon atom octanol is reached

Answer 13

8

Question 14

one oxygen atom is capable of solubilizing _______ atoms in water

Answer 14

seven or eight carbon

Question 15

Astheprimaryalcoholchainlengthincreases,vanderWaals interactions increase, and the ability to penetrate microbial membranes _____.

Answer 15

increases

Question 16

Aswatersolubilitydecreases,theapparentantimicrobial potency ____ with molecular weight.

Answer 16

diminishes

Question 17

Branching of the alcohol chain _____ antibacterial potency; weaker van der Waals forces brought about by branching do not penetrate bacterial cell membranes as efficiently

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

Clear, colorless, volatile liquid

Answer 18

Ethyl alcohol

Question 19

Burning taste, pleasant odor

Answer 19

Rectified spirit

Question 20

Flammable, miscible with water in all proportions

Answer 20

Wine spirit

Question 21

Soluble in most organic

solvents

Answer 21

Grain alcohol

Question 22

Prepared by sulfuric-acid –

catalyzed hydration of ethylene

Answer 22

Spiritus vini rectificatus

Question 23

It inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 23

Fomepizole

Question 24

It inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 24

Disulfiram

Question 25

Approximately 95% ethanol by volume and forms an azeotrope with water that distills at 78.2°C

Answer 25

Commercial Ethanol

Question 26

Unfit for use in intoxicating beverages

Answer 26

Denatured Alcohol

Question 27

With wood alcohol and benzene and is unsuitable for internal/external use

Answer 27

Completely denatured alcohol

Question 28

Ethanol treated with one or more substances that is permitted for a specialized purpose

Answer 28

Specially denatured alcohol

Question 29

NLT 99% w/w ethanol

Answer 29

Dehydrated alcohol

Question 30

Prepared by azeotropic distillation of an ethanol-benzene mixture

Answer 30

Dehydated alcohol

Question 31

Colorless, volatile liquid, slightly bitter taste and suitable substitute for ethanol but must not be ingested

Answer 31

Isopropyl alcohol

Question 32

Prepared by sulfuric-acid – catalyzed hydrationof propylene

Answer 32

Isopropyl alcohol

Question 33

Colorless, flammable gas, liquefies at 12°C for temperature sensitive medical equipment and heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals

Answer 33

Ethylene Oxide

Question 34

Diffuses readily through porous materials, destroys all forms of microorganisms and forms explosive mixtures in air at 3-80% by volume

Answer 34

Ethylene oxide

Question 35

37% w/v formaldehyde, with methanol added to retard polymerization

Answer 35

Formalin

Question 36

Germicidal action – direct, nonspecific alkylation of nucleophilic functional groups (amino, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl) in proteins and nucleic acids to form carbinol derivatives

Answer 36

Formaldehyde solution

Question 37

Diluted sol’n for heat-sensitive equipment

Answer 37

Glutaraldehyde

Question 38

2% Glutaraldehyde buffered at 7.5-8.0

Answer 38

Commercial Glutaraldehyde

Question 39

Defined as the ratio of a dilution of a given test disinfectant to the dilution of phenol that is required to kill a strain of Salmonella typhi under carefully controlled time and temperature conditions

Answer 39

Phenol coefficient

Question 40

Standard to which the activity of most germicidal substances is compared

Answer 40

Phenol

Question 41

Phenol aka

Answer 41

Carbolic acid

Question 42

Carboxide content

Answer 42

90% CO2 and 10% ethylene oxide

Question 43

Phenol containing 10% water

Answer 43

Liquefied Phenol

Question 44

+ camphor = liquid petrolatum – used as external antiseptic and anti-irritant

Answer 44

p – Chlorophenol

Question 45

Nonirritating antiseptic with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities

Answer 45

p – chloro – m – xylenol (Metasep)

Question 46

Used topically for ringworm infections – tinea pedis, tinea cruris

Answer 46

p – chloro – m – xylenol (Metasep)

Question 47

Simple aromatic alcohol

Answer 47

Phenol

Question 48

Hexachloropheneother names

Answer 48

Gamophen, Surgicon, pHisoHex

Question 49

Banned OTC – due to reports of neurotoxicity in bathed infants and burn patients cleansed with the agent

Answer 49

Hexachlorophene

Question 50

Mixture of 3 isomeric methylphenols

Answer 50

Cresol

Question 51

Yellow to brownish yellow liquid, unpleasant creosote odor

Answer 51

Cresol

Question 52

Obtained from coal tar/petroleum by alkaline extraction into aqueous medium, acidification, and fractional distillation

Answer 52

Cresol

Question 53

Thymol aka

Answer 53

Isopropyl m-cresol

Question 54

Extracted from oil of Thymus vulgaris Slightly soluble in water, extremely soluble in alcohols and organic solvents Mild fungicidal properties, used in alcohol sol’n and dusting powders for ringworm infections

Answer 54

Thymol

Question 55

Obtained from clove oil

Answer 55

Eugenol

Question 56

With local anesthetic and antiseptic activities in mouthwash

Answer 56

Eugenol

Question 57

Crystallizes as white needles or as an amorphous powder, soluble in water and alcohol

Answer 57

Resorsinol

Question 58

White crystalline substance with faint phenolic odor produces numbness to tongue

Answer 58

Hexylresorcinol

Question 59

Effective against anaerobic bacteria and can be used in cleansing contaminated wounds

Answer 59

Oxidizing Agents