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PMOC PDF 1 PART 1 > PMOC 2 SANITATION > Flashcards

PMOC 2 SANITATION Flashcards

1
Q

Application to living tissue for preventing infection

A

Antisepsis

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2
Q

Chemical or physical treatment that destroys most vegetative microbes or viruses, but nut spores, in or on inanimate surfaces

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

Destruction or marked reduction in the number of activity

of microorganisms

A

Decontamination

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4
Q

Reduction of microbial load on an inanimate surface to a level considered acceptable for public health purposes

A

Sanitation

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5
Q

Kills nonsporulating microorganisms by hot water or steam at 65-100°C

A

Pasteurization

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6
Q

Kill or remove all types of microorganisms, including spores, and usually including viruses with an acceptably low probability of survival

A

Sterilization

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7
Q

introduced antiseptic principles and phenol

A

Joseph Lister

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8
Q

Paul Ehrlich introduced

A

Salvarsan/magic bullet/Compound 606

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9
Q

First treatment for syphillis

A

Salvarsan

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10
Q

Most successful anti-infective agents

A

Mercury, Arsenic, Antimony

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11
Q

sleeping sickness treatment

A

Atoxyl (Sodium Arsanilate and Arsphenamine)

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12
Q

Anti infectives classification

A
  • Chemical types of the compound
  • Biological properties
  • Therapeutic indication
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13
Q

antibacterial potencies of the primary alcohols (against test cultures of Staphylococcus aureus) increase with molecular weight until the __-carbon atom octanol is reached

A

8

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14
Q

one oxygen atom is capable of solubilizing _______ atoms in water

A

seven or eight carbon

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15
Q

Astheprimaryalcoholchainlengthincreases,vanderWaals interactions increase, and the ability to penetrate microbial membranes _____.

A

increases

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16
Q

Aswatersolubilitydecreases,theapparentantimicrobial potency ____ with molecular weight.

A

diminishes

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17
Q

Branching of the alcohol chain _____ antibacterial potency; weaker van der Waals forces brought about by branching do not penetrate bacterial cell membranes as efficiently

A

decreases

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18
Q

Clear, colorless, volatile liquid

A

Ethyl alcohol

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19
Q

Burning taste, pleasant odor

A

Rectified spirit

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20
Q

Flammable, miscible with water in all proportions

A

Wine spirit

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21
Q

Soluble in most organic

solvents

A

Grain alcohol

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22
Q

Prepared by sulfuric-acid –

catalyzed hydration of ethylene

A

Spiritus vini rectificatus

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23
Q

It inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Fomepizole

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24
Q

It inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Disulfiram

25
Q

Approximately 95% ethanol by volume
and forms an azeotrope with water that distills at
78.2°C

A

Commercial Ethanol

26
Q

Unfit for use in intoxicating beverages

A

Denatured Alcohol

27
Q

With wood alcohol and benzene and is unsuitable for internal/external use

A

Completely denatured alcohol

28
Q

Ethanol treated with one or more substances that is permitted for a specialized purpose

A

Specially denatured alcohol

29
Q

NLT 99% w/w ethanol

A

Dehydrated alcohol

30
Q

Prepared by azeotropic distillation of an ethanol-benzene mixture

A

Dehydated alcohol

31
Q

Colorless, volatile liquid, slightly bitter taste and suitable substitute for ethanol but must not be
ingested

A

Isopropyl alcohol

32
Q

Prepared by sulfuric-acid – catalyzed hydrationof propylene

A

Isopropyl alcohol

33
Q

Colorless, flammable gas, liquefies at 12°C for temperature sensitive medical equipment
and heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals

A

Ethylene Oxide

34
Q

Diffuses readily through porous materials, destroys all forms of microorganisms and forms explosive mixtures in air at 3-80% by volume

A

Ethylene oxide

35
Q

37% w/v formaldehyde, with methanol added to retard polymerization

36
Q

Germicidal action – direct, nonspecific alkylation of nucleophilic functional groups (amino, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl) in proteins and nucleic acids to form carbinol derivatives

A

Formaldehyde solution

37
Q

Diluted sol’n for heat-sensitive equipment

A

Glutaraldehyde

38
Q

2% Glutaraldehyde buffered at 7.5-8.0

A

Commercial Glutaraldehyde

39
Q

Defined as the ratio of a dilution of a given test disinfectant to the dilution of phenol that is required to kill a strain of Salmonella typhi under carefully controlled time and temperature conditions

A

Phenol coefficient

40
Q

Standard to which the activity of most germicidal substances is compared

41
Q

Phenol aka

A

Carbolic acid

42
Q

Carboxide content

A

90% CO2 and 10% ethylene oxide

43
Q

Phenol containing 10% water

A

Liquefied Phenol

44
Q

+ camphor = liquid petrolatum – used as external antiseptic and anti-irritant

A

p – Chlorophenol

45
Q

Nonirritating antiseptic with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities

A

p – chloro – m – xylenol (Metasep)

46
Q

Used topically for ringworm infections – tinea pedis, tinea cruris

A

p – chloro – m – xylenol (Metasep)

47
Q

Simple aromatic alcohol

48
Q

Hexachloropheneother names

A

Gamophen, Surgicon, pHisoHex

49
Q

Banned OTC – due to reports of neurotoxicity in bathed infants and burn patients cleansed with the agent

A

Hexachlorophene

50
Q

Mixture of 3 isomeric methylphenols

51
Q

Yellow to brownish yellow liquid, unpleasant creosote odor

52
Q

Obtained from coal tar/petroleum by alkaline extraction into aqueous medium, acidification, and
fractional distillation

53
Q

Thymol aka

A

Isopropyl m-cresol

54
Q

Extracted from oil of Thymus vulgaris
Slightly soluble in water, extremely soluble in
alcohols and organic solvents
Mild fungicidal properties, used in alcohol sol’n
and dusting powders for ringworm infections

55
Q

Obtained from clove oil

56
Q

With local anesthetic and antiseptic activities in mouthwash

57
Q

Crystallizes as white needles or as an amorphous powder, soluble in water and alcohol

A

Resorsinol

58
Q

White crystalline substance with faint phenolic odor produces numbness to tongue

A

Hexylresorcinol

59
Q

Effective against anaerobic bacteria and can be used in cleansing contaminated wounds

A

Oxidizing Agents

PMOC PDF 1 PART 1 (5 decks)

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