PMLS lec module 5: physiological variables Flashcards by merelle bolinto

PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES
Age
A-
Dehydration
D-
Diurnal or circadian variations
D- therapy
Exercise
F-
Gender
I- injection
Jaundice
P-
Pregnancy
S-
Stress
T- and h-

PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES
Age
Altitude
Dehydration
Diet
Diurnal or circadian variations
Drug therapy
Exercise
Fever
Gender
Intramuscular injection
Jaundice
Position
Pregnancy
Smoking
Stress
Temperature and humidity

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AGE
a. increase - R&Wbc
b. decrease - Kf

a. increase - RBC, WBC
b. kidney function

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ALTITUDE
a. increase - BgUaHHRbc
b. decrease - TRUcC SoCc

a. increase
- beta globulin
- uric acid
- hemoglobin
- hematocrit
- Rbc

b. decrease
- transtorin
- renin
- urinary creatinine
- cortisol
- serum osmolality
- creatine clearance

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DEHYDRATION
a. increase - SCCIRE
when vampire is dehydrated, they drink blood and become what? sire but weird spelling
b. decrease - none

a. increase
- sodium
- calcium
- coagulation factors
- iron
- Rbc
- enzyme

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refers to no ingestion for 8-12 hours

fasting

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meaning of NPO

nil per os
nothing by mouth

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refers to fasting for more than 12 hours
Causes health problems
○ Electrolyte imbalance and heart rhythm
disturbances

overfasting

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test: ammonia, urea, uric acid

ingested food or drinks: high protein

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ingested food or drinks: high protein

test: ammonia, urea, uric acid

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test: cortisol, ACTH

ingested food or drinks: caffeine

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ingested food or drinks: caffeine

test: cortisol, ACTH

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test: glucose insulin

returns to normal after - hours

ingested food or drinks: carbohydrates, sugar laden

2 hours

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test: hemoglobin, electrolyte balance

ingested food or drinks: too much fluids

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test: lipid

returns to normal after - hours

ingested food or drinks: butter, margarine, cheese, cream

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test: Triglycerides, liver enzymes, liver function analytes, hypoglycemia

ingested food or drinks: alcohol

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ingested food or drinks: carbohydrates, sugar laden

test: glucose insulin

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ingested food or drinks: too much fluids

test: hemoglobin, electrolyte balance

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ingested food or drinks: butter, margarine, cheese, cream

test: lipid

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ingested food or drinks: alcohol

test: Triglycerides, liver enzymes, liver function analytes, hypoglycemia

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long term starvation
a. increase - CUK
b. decrease - CUT

a. increase
- creatinine
- uric acid
- ketone

b. decrease
- cholesterol
- urea
- triglycerides

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variations
1. are DAILY variations, day or night
2. are 24 HOUR cycle variations

dirunal
ciradian

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CAUSES OF DIURNAL VARIATIONS
Posture
A-
Eating
Being awake or a-
D- and darkness

CAUSES OF DIURNAL VARIATIONS
Posture
Activity
Eating
Being awake or asleep
Daylight and darkness

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ANALYTES OF VARIATIONS
Increase at NIGHT, decrease at DAY

melatonin

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ANALYTES OF VARIATIONS
Peaks at 8 AM

Cortisol

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ANALYTES OF VARIATIONS Peaks at PRE DAWM hours of the morning during sleep

renin THR (thyroid stimulating hormone)

ANALYTES OF VARIATIONS HIGHEST in the morning

Aldosterone Bilirubin Cortisol Hemoglobin Insulin Iron Potassium Testosterone RBC

ANALYTES OF VARIATIONS LOWEST in the morning

Eosinophiles Creatinine Glucose Growth hormone Triglycerides Phosphates

1. Drug - with the test reagents, resulting to falsely LOW or NEGATIVE result 2. Drug - reaction, resulting to falsely HIGH or POSITIVE result

1. competes 2. enhances

drug: chemotherapy drugs

increased: none decreased: WBC, platelets

drug: most drugs (that are toxic to liver)

increased: AST, ALP, LDH decreased: clotting factors

drug: oral contraceptives

increased: ESR decreased: none

drug: steroids and diuretics

increased: amylase, lipase decreased: none

drug: thiazide diuretics

increased: calcium, glucose decreased: sodium, potassium

increased: none decreased: WBC, platelets

drug: chemotherapy drugs

increased: AST, ALP, LDH decreased: clotting factors

drug: most drugs (that are toxic to liver)

increased: ESR decreased: none

drug: oral contraceptives

increased: amylase, lipase decreased: none

drug: steroids and diuretics

increased: calcium, glucose decreased: sodium, potassium

drug: thiazide diuretics

Drugs that affect this should be avoided 4 to 24 hours

blood tests

Drugs that affect this should avoided for 48 to 72 hours

urine tests

these exercises have the GREATEST EFFECT Levels return to normal after the activity is STOPPED

moderate to extraneous

increases Due to moderate muscular activity GCILT

Glucose Creatinine Insulin Lactic acid Total protein

increases due to exercises 1. elevated for several mins 2. elevated for 24+ hours 3. elevated for 1 hour

1. potassium 2. CK, LDH 3. cholesterol

decreases due to exercises 1. generally 2. falsely decrease

1. Arterial pH Carbon dioxide Insulin 2. Platelet

Affects the number of HORMONES Disrupts normal DIURNAL variation

fever

increases during fever induced hypoglyecemia

insulin levels glucagon levels cortisol

increased in women RbcHH

RBC hemoglobin hematocrit

increased in men CkC

CK creatine

Drawn before or 1 hour after Includes muscular trauma from injuries or surgery

intramuscular injection

intramuscular injection a. increase

CK LDH

Or ICTERUS Is a condition characterized by INCREASED BILIRUBIN (a product of the breakdown of RBC) in blood Leading to deposits of YELLOW pigment in the skin, mucous membrane, sclera Giving the patient a yellow appearance

jaundice

Used to DESCRIBE serum, plasma, urine that have an abnormal deep YELLOW to yellow brown color Due to high bilirubin levels

icteric

effects 1. Interferes with tests based on COLOR REACTION 2. Interferes with REAGENT STRIPS analyses on urine

jaundice

FROM SUPINE TO STANDING POSITION Before collection, ask patient to lay down for at least - mins

FROM SUPINE TO STANDING POSITION a. increases - PICCA b. decrease - Pv

a. increases - protein - iron - cholesterol and HDL 1% - calcium - aldosterone b. plasma volume 10%

STANDING POSITION a. increases RBC after - mins Potassium ion levels after - mins

RBC after 15 mins Potassium ion levels after 30 mins

Should be collected after patient lies down or sits for at least 4 mins

lipid profile

PREGNANCY a. increase b. decrease

a. increase - body fluids b. decrease - RBC

SMOKE BEFORE COLLECTION a. increase - CCGGhTW

- cholesterol - cortisol - glucose - growth hormone - triglycerides - WBC

chronic smokers a. increase - RbcH

- RBC - Hemoglobin

generally smoking a. increase b. decrease

a. increase -IgE b. decrease - IgA, IgG, IgM

refers to anxiety, fear trauma

stress

caused by crying infants so let baby rest for at least 30 mins

WBC

Influences the composition of BODY FLUIDS

temperature and humidity

Causes interstitial fluid to MOVE into the blood vessels, increasing PLASMA VOLUME, influencing its composition

acute heat exposure

Causes HEMOCONCENTRATION

extensive sweating without fluid replacement