PMHP and Clinical Flashcards
list the criteria by which informative leaflets should be held accountable against
- what dental information is it trying to get across and to whom
- does it succeed
- how effective is the leaflet
- is there too much or too little information
- is the information appropriate
- is the information accurate and up to date
- are the sources of information listed
- are there infographics
- is it too long or too short
- is it eye catching
- is the layout appropriate
- is text logically arranged
- how is colour used
- is the text size suitable for use
- is the vocabulary and sentence structure used suitable for readers
- are illustrations there for decoration or information
describe the criteria by which oral health promotional videos, games or interactive tools should be held against
- style and content of verbal communication
- style and content of written communication
- visual appropriateness
- is the material aimed at addressing a topic or problem that needs attention
- who is the material aimed at
- is the information correct
- is it clear or misleading
- how does it start and finish
- who designed it and are they the best people
describe non technical skills of dentistry
situation awareness
- gathering information
- understanding informaion
- projecting and anticipating future state
decision making
- considering options
- selecting and communicating option
- implementing and reviewing decisions
communication and teamwork
- exchanging information
- establishing a shared understanding
- co ordinating team activities
leadership
- setting and maintaining standards
- supporting others
- coping with pressure
describe individual roles people undertake in a group
task roles
- initiator: starts things off, who brought the group together
- clarifier: teases out the real meaning that people in the group are saying, encouraging specifity, makes connections between contributions
- information giver: provides necessary information for the group to complete its task
- questioner: defines the nature of the task by asking relevant questions
- summariser: pulls contributions together and gives feedback for group. allows members to reflect
maintenance roles
- supporter: provides support for members, increasing confidence and helps the group achieve its task
- joker: allows group to enjoy its task, can be bad if it undermines the purpose of the group
- sharing experience: someone makes personal statement, break down professional barriers and allow group members to relate more as people
- process observer: observes the group and how the members are relating to one another. allows the group to look at reasons for blockages and clear the way for getting on with the task.
describe tuckmans model of group life
five stages
1 - forming
- group comes together
- people are anxious
- look for leader
- establishing role and identity in the group
2 - storming
- conflict when leadership and ways of working are challenged
- vital for groups progress
- results in trust and shared responsibilities
3 - norming
- conflict subsided
- sense of cooperation between group members
4 - performing
- group is effective and can concentrate on task
- individuals are safe to express opinion and compromises can be negotiated
5 - ending (mourning)
- wish that the group may not come to an end
- sadness as relationship ends
- contacts maintained for future meetings
explain the difference between a group and a team
groups have one or more common factors but they do not necessarily have a common function or goal
teams have a common function and a common goal to that function
teams can be permanent (forms a part of the organisational structure) and limited (put together to work on a specific issue)
describe belbins team roles
1981 - behavioural roles are important for the success of the group rather than the level of expertise
team role theory that people working in teams adopt particular roles, they tend to prefer these roles and stick with them, and certain combinations can lead to more effective teams
eight different roles that are necessary to create a well functioning team
chairperson
- coordinator
- one of two leadership roles
- keeps team on track
- retain control, involve others, be assertive, stay focused, be calm and mature
shaper
- other leadership role
- brash and incisive
- give orders, emotionally insecure, aggressive, task orientated, intolerant and critical
plant
- ideas person of the group
- undiplomatic, can be radical, senstive to criticism, needs careful handling
monitor evaluator
- analyses all new ideas minutely, over critical
- lower morale, good planner, antagonises the plant
- keeps teams goals in mind
company worker
- implementer
- solid and reliable
- told what to do and then left to get on with it
- lack vision
- works to a high standard, dislikes change
- conscientious and disciplined
teamworker
- counselling, reads people well, perceptive and socially orientated
- cares about team cohesion, emotionally stable, seen as too soft, not competitive, resolves conflict
resource invesigator
- extrovert, makes useful contacts and links outside of the team
- seeks ideas and becomes bored easily
- impulsive, needs variety and constant stimulation
- focus on irrelevancies
completer finisher
- sticklers for detail, voice of conscience
- uses nervous energy to get jobs done
- meets deadlines
- focuses on small matters, may upset or annoy people
- prevents complacency by communicating urgency
describe the process of cavity preparation
- high speed handpiece
- small fissure diamond bur
- extend the cavity in the area of the tooth where caries is most likely to be present
- use dental probe to investigate the extend of the caries
- slow speed handpiece
- small/medium round bur
- increase depth of cavity by removing blue layer, avoid removing deep red layer
list the stages of basic caries management
1 - determine caries risk
2 - detect lesions, stage their severity, assess activity status
3 - decide on most appropriate care plan for the specific patient
4 - do the preventative and tooth preserving care that is needed, including:
- control of initial non cavitated lesions
- conservative restorative treatment of deep dentinal and cavitated caries lesions
- risk appropriate preventative care
define the likely pattern of pit and fissure caries
forms in anatomical recesses of the molars and premolars
cause and development
- genetic predisposition to the development of caries
- chronic diseases that change saliva composition
- lack of vitamins and nutrients
- malnutrition
- frequent consumption of food with large number of carbohydrates
- poor oral hygiene
pattern
- does not spread across the width
- spreads into the lower tissues of the tooth instead which leads to increased risk of pulpitis
discuss the importance of examination, diagnosis, and treatment planning in the management of pit and fissure caries
can develop into periodontitis or pulpitis
treatment process
- mechanical cleaning of the tooth and cover tooth with fluoride compounds
- tooth sealed and protected from further decay
- clean chewing surface from plaque, then cavity preparation, then restorative filling
describe the basic handpiece safety checks
- ensure the backcap cannot rotate and is secure - pinch the backcap and apply rotational force, if it rotates, send it in for repair
- pull the pur to ensure it is fully engaged
- fit handpiece to coupling and apply tension to ensure the device is secured
describe dental handpieces, what they are used for, their features and how they work
high speed and slow speed. high speed are air turbine.
high speed anatomy: rotor, bur, compressed air. 250,000 to 400,000 rotations per minute
slow speed: 5,000 to 40,000 rpm, ideal for polishing and shaping or cleaning
used for removing hard tissue and restorative materials
head, neck, body and coupler.
how does it work
- compressed air flows through the pipes inside the handpiece
- rotor rotates at high speed
- bur rotates at high speed
- bur has a hard and rough surface that grinds away layers of any dental hard tissue
why may a dental handpiece become unsafe
- wear and tear as frictional forces alter the surfaces of device components
- being damaged due to dropping
- being misused at some point
describe the stages of caries development
initial
- area demineralises, white spot
superficial
- lesion affects deep layers of the enamel
- hard tissues are healthy
- discomfort when eating sour or sweet food
average
- caries penetrates deeper and actively destroys the tooth
- pathological process spreads deep into the tooth
deep
- sharp or aching pains that reduce quality of life
- development of periodontitis or pulpitis
