PMCH Flashcards

stats and public health stuff

1
Q

Odds Ratio

A
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2
Q

Positive PPD

A

PPD = purified protein derivative. If you have a positive PPD, it means you have been exposed to a person who has tuberculosis and you are now infected with the bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis) that causes the disease.

Next step = CXR

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3
Q

Colorectal screening

A
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4
Q

Nationally reportable STI’s

A

Chlamydia (most common)

gonorrhea (second most common

infectious syphillis

All 3 have a steady incline of in rates

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5
Q

Pandemic

A

epidemic or outbreak accross a wide area, crossing international borders and affecting a large number of people

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6
Q

outbreak

A

occurence of new cases in excess of baseline disease frequency in a population in a given period of time

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7
Q

Endemic

A

The constant presence of a disease of infectious agent in a given area or population

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8
Q

epidemic

A

synonymous with outbreak - excessive numbers of a disease from baseline in a given time

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9
Q

Virulence

A

the degree of pathogenicity of an infectious agent, indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of teh agent to invade and damage tissues of the host

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10
Q

pathogenicity

A

the property of an infectious agent that determines the extent to which overt disease is produced in an infected population, or the power of an organism to produce disease

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11
Q

pneumococcal vaccination recommendations

A

routine vaccination for healthy adults over 65 years.

patients over 2 years with chronic conditions

patients who are immunocompromised

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12
Q

chance-corrected agreement

A
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13
Q

expectation of life in Canada has improved steadily in both sexes due to

A

decline in infant mortality

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14
Q

legal negligance

A

legal term that reflects errors which occur outside the accepted medical practice. duty, breech, causation and damages are all elements of a negligant claim which can only be made by a judge

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15
Q

malpractice

A

specifically relates to the care not within the accepted guidelines

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16
Q

true negative

A

True negative test result is one that does not detect the condition when the condition is absent

17
Q

False negative

A

Test result is one that does not detect the condition when the condition is present

18
Q

True positive

A

True positive test result is one that detects the condition when the condition is present

19
Q

False positive

A

a test result which detects the condition when the condition is absent

20
Q

Sensitivity

A

Measures the ability of a test to detect the condition when the disease is present

21
Q

specificity

A

measures the ability of a test to correctly exclude the condition when the disease is absent

(TN/ (TN+FP)) x 100%

22
Q

Positive predictive value

A

the proportion of positives that correspond to the presence of the condition

23
Q

Negative predictive value

A

the proportion of negatives that correspond to the absence of the condition

24
Q

Lead time bias

A

overestimation of the survival of patients diagnosed with a screen-detected condition. Earlier detection of conditions gives appearance of longer survival

25
cardiovascular risk factors
women \>65 years smoking total cholesterol over 6.5 diabetes type 2 family history of premature CVD ischaemic stroke TIA MI Angina LVH proteinuria haemorrhages or exudates high risk ethnic group dissecting aneurysm HTN
26
lifetime risk of prostate Ca
1 in 50
27
half life of psa
2.2 days
28
The score
Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation selects patients who are appropriate for DEXA screening
29
risk factors linked to colorectal cancer
Age Diet Smoking Alcohol weight colorectal polyps race
30
domestic violence stats
20% chronic domestic violence starts before marraige 1/4-1/3 relationships experience domestic violence 90% children witness the violence 50% of children are victims to the violence alcohol is a risk factor for domestic violence as it is used as an excuse other factors include work and financial stress
31
aboriginal smoking, gambling, drinking rates
20% \>15's are problem gamblers fetal alcohol syndrome 300x higher 2x smoking rates
32
Modernisation of canada has led to aboriginals losing..
land Autonomy their traditional wy of life
33
what can be counted as act of negligence in the delivery of health care?
failure to attend a patient failure to communicate with other physicians failure to protect of forewarn third parties failure to report abuse failures in consultation failures in diagnosis failures in re diagnosis failures in referral substandard treatment
34
in order to successfully prove neglienge a plantiff must show that
the defendant owed him or her a duty of care the defendant did not deliver the standard of care owed the plantiffs injuries were easily foreseeable the defendants breech of the duty of care was the proximate cause of the plantiffs injuries