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Internal Medicine - MCCQE 1 > PMCH > Flashcards

PMCH Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

Reducing risk factor exposure or increasing individual’s resistance to them

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2
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Decreasing mortality through early detection and treatment. Screening tests are part of the secondary prevention.

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3
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

Increasing prognosis and improving the quality of life by providing best available treatment and rehab programs.

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4
Q

What is primordial prevention?

A

it precedes primary prevention; dealing with health determinants rather than decreasing risk exposure. Example, developing green energy programs.

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5
Q

What is the mode of transmission for HCV?

A

Blood-borne

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6
Q

Breast screening recommendation?

A

Mammography every 2 years for women between 50 - 74 years old.

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7
Q

What is the treatment for organophosphate poisoning?

A

Atropine, which is competitive inhibitor at acetylcholine receptor.
Pralidoxime, which is an acetylcholinesterase activator.

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8
Q

Fruits that are linked to latex allergy?

A

Bananas, Avacados, Kiwis

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9
Q

What are the first line treatment for smoking cessation?

A

Nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline

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10
Q

What is a living will?

A

a written legal document by patient who expresses preferences for end-of-life care in advance of incapacitation.

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11
Q

What is a durable power of attorney for healthcare?

A

it is for designating a surrogate decision maker.

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12
Q

Which infections are absolute contraindications to breastfeeding?

A

HIV and HTLV-1

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13
Q

reasons to discontinue or tapering of opioids?

A

No functional improvement after multiple trials with opioids; failure to comply with regular testing eg urine drug test; failure to comply with pain management agreement;
evidence of diversion or abuse; intolerable side effects

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14
Q

Chemical occupational exposure associated with leukemia, aplastic anemia and multiple myeloma?

A

Benzene.

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15
Q

What is next best step in women with age >25 with HSIL on pap?

A

Women >25 years with HSIL should schedule colposcopy within 6 months

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16
Q

Who should receive pneumococcal vaccination?

A

Everybody above age 65; Everybody above age 2 with various chronic disease and /or immunocompromised patients

17
Q

What is the main reason for overall increase in life expectancy?

A

Decline in infant mortality rate

18
Q

What is the chlamydia screening recommendation?

A

it is recommended in sexually active females age 25 or younger

19
Q

What could be most useful by physician for abused patient if they wants to go to court?

A

photographs taken during physical exam; body maps or injury location chart for bruises or injuries; write what patient states; avoid using neutral language as try to write the way patients state.

20
Q

What is the recommended breast cancer screening for high risk patients?

A

Annual mammography and breast MRI starting at age 30

21
Q

What are three malignancies with regular screening recommendations?

A

Colon cancer, Breast cancer, Cervical cancer

22
Q

Who still require PAP smear even after hysterectomy?

A

those who had partial hysterectomy; those who had hysterectomy for cancer treatment; those whose previous cervical cancer screening revealed CIN 2, CIN 3 or worse

23
Q

Who no longer need pap smear?

A

those who had total or radical hysterectomy; hysterectomy performed for benign conditions such as endometriosis; those who had regular pap smear and did not reveal any abnormalities.

24
Q

Which drug is most effective in smoking cessation?

A

varenicline

25
Q

When PSA is less than 4.0 ug/L and digital rectal exam (DRE) is negative, What is the next step?

A

No further action is required.

26
Q

What are the two types of advanced directives? What is their definition?

A

Living will: expresses preferences for end-of-life care.

A durable power of Attorney for Health care: Designates a surrogate decision maker.

27
Q

How to screen for domestic violence?

A

HITS:

Hurt, Insulted, Threatened and Screamed at.

28
Q

What is most appropriate prophylactic medication for high altitude sickness in patients with sulfa allergy?

A

Dexamethasone

29
Q

When is PPD considered positive?

A

When induration is:
>10mm (patients with no known risk factors)
>10mm (immigrants with endemic areas, prisoners, home care residents)
>5mm (immunocompromised patients with HIV, chemotherapy, chronic corticosteroids)

30
Q

Herbal supplements that can interact with warfarin (anticoagulation)?

A

Ginkgo Biloba, Coenzyme Q10, garlic, grapefruit, lycium, ginseng, green tea, st. John’s wort, vitamin E

Internal Medicine - MCCQE 1 (13 decks)

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