PMCH Flashcards
What is primary prevention?
Reducing risk factor exposure or increasing individual’s resistance to them
What is secondary prevention?
Decreasing mortality through early detection and treatment. Screening tests are part of the secondary prevention.
What is tertiary prevention?
Increasing prognosis and improving the quality of life by providing best available treatment and rehab programs.
What is primordial prevention?
it precedes primary prevention; dealing with health determinants rather than decreasing risk exposure. Example, developing green energy programs.
What is the mode of transmission for HCV?
Blood-borne
Breast screening recommendation?
Mammography every 2 years for women between 50 - 74 years old.
What is the treatment for organophosphate poisoning?
Atropine, which is competitive inhibitor at acetylcholine receptor.
Pralidoxime, which is an acetylcholinesterase activator.
Fruits that are linked to latex allergy?
Bananas, Avacados, Kiwis
What are the first line treatment for smoking cessation?
Nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline
What is a living will?
a written legal document by patient who expresses preferences for end-of-life care in advance of incapacitation.
What is a durable power of attorney for healthcare?
it is for designating a surrogate decision maker.
Which infections are absolute contraindications to breastfeeding?
HIV and HTLV-1
reasons to discontinue or tapering of opioids?
No functional improvement after multiple trials with opioids; failure to comply with regular testing eg urine drug test; failure to comply with pain management agreement;
evidence of diversion or abuse; intolerable side effects
Chemical occupational exposure associated with leukemia, aplastic anemia and multiple myeloma?
Benzene.
What is next best step in women with age >25 with HSIL on pap?
Women >25 years with HSIL should schedule colposcopy within 6 months
Who should receive pneumococcal vaccination?
Everybody above age 65; Everybody above age 2 with various chronic disease and /or immunocompromised patients
What is the main reason for overall increase in life expectancy?
Decline in infant mortality rate
What is the chlamydia screening recommendation?
it is recommended in sexually active females age 25 or younger
What could be most useful by physician for abused patient if they wants to go to court?
photographs taken during physical exam; body maps or injury location chart for bruises or injuries; write what patient states; avoid using neutral language as try to write the way patients state.
What is the recommended breast cancer screening for high risk patients?
Annual mammography and breast MRI starting at age 30
What are three malignancies with regular screening recommendations?
Colon cancer, Breast cancer, Cervical cancer
Who still require PAP smear even after hysterectomy?
those who had partial hysterectomy; those who had hysterectomy for cancer treatment; those whose previous cervical cancer screening revealed CIN 2, CIN 3 or worse
Who no longer need pap smear?
those who had total or radical hysterectomy; hysterectomy performed for benign conditions such as endometriosis; those who had regular pap smear and did not reveal any abnormalities.
Which drug is most effective in smoking cessation?
varenicline
When PSA is less than 4.0 ug/L and digital rectal exam (DRE) is negative, What is the next step?
No further action is required.
What are the two types of advanced directives? What is their definition?
Living will: expresses preferences for end-of-life care.
A durable power of Attorney for Health care: Designates a surrogate decision maker.
How to screen for domestic violence?
HITS:
Hurt, Insulted, Threatened and Screamed at.
What is most appropriate prophylactic medication for high altitude sickness in patients with sulfa allergy?
Dexamethasone
When is PPD considered positive?
When induration is:
>10mm (patients with no known risk factors)
>10mm (immigrants with endemic areas, prisoners, home care residents)
>5mm (immunocompromised patients with HIV, chemotherapy, chronic corticosteroids)
Herbal supplements that can interact with warfarin (anticoagulation)?
Ginkgo Biloba, Coenzyme Q10, garlic, grapefruit, lycium, ginseng, green tea, st. John’s wort, vitamin E
