PMBOK Chapter 8 - Project Quality Management

Question 1

Project Quality Management

Answer 1

includes the processes and activities of the performing organization that determine quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken

Question 2

Plan Quality Management (process)

Answer 2

the process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards

Question 3

Perform Quality Assurance (process)

Answer 3

the process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used

Question 4

Control Quality (process)

Answer 4

the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes

Question 5

What is cost-benefit analysis?

Answer 5

a cost-benefit analysis for each quality activity compares the cost of the quality step to the expected benefit

Question 6

What is Cost of Quality (COQ)?

Answer 6

includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to meet requirements

Question 7

What are the seven basic quality tools?

Answer 7

1) Cause and effect diagrams (also known as fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams
2) Flowcharts
3) Checksheets
4) Pareto diagrams
5) Histograms
6) Control chart
7) Scatter diagrams

Question 8

What is benchmarking?

Answer 8

involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of comparable projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance

Question 9

What is design of experiments (DOE)?

Answer 9

statistical method for identifying which factors may influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in production

Question 10

What is statistical sampling?

Answer 10

involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.

Question 11

What is the quality management plan?

Answer 11

a component of the project management plan that describes how the organization’s quality policies will be implemented. It describes how the project management team plans to meet the quality requirements set for the project

Question 12

What is the process improvement plan?

Answer 12

subsidiary or component of the project management plan. It details the steps for analyzing project management and product development processes to identify activities that enhance their value.

Question 13

What are quality metrics?

Answer 13

specifically describes a project or product attribute and how the control quality process will measure it. it is an actual value

Question 14

What are affinity diagrams?

Answer 14

(quality management and control tool) similar to mind-mapping techniques in that they are used to generate ideas that can be linked to form organized patterns of thought about a problem

Question 15

What are process decision program charts (PDPC)?

Answer 15

(quality management and control tool) used to understand a goal in relation to the steps for getting to the goal

Question 16

What are interrelationship digraphs?

Answer 16

(quality management and control tool) an adaptation of relationship diagrams. they provide a process for creative problem solving in moderately complex scenarios that possess intertwined logical relationships for up to 50 relevant items

Question 17

What are tree diagrams?

Answer 17

(quality management and control tool) also known as systematic diagrams and may be used to represent decomposition hierarchies such as the WBS, RBS and OBS (organizational breakdown structure)

Question 18

What are prioritization matrices?

Answer 18

(quality management and control tool) identify the key issues and the suitable alternatives to be prioritized as a set of decisions for implementation

Question 19

What are activity network diagrams?

Answer 19

(quality management and control tool) previously known as arrow diagrams, they are used with project scheduling methodologies

Question 20

What are matrix diagrams?

Answer 20

(quality management and control tool) used to perform data analysis within the organizational structure created in the matrix

Question 21

What are quality audits?

Answer 21

a structured, independent process to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes and procedures.

Question 22

Quality Management Processes

Answer 22

1. Plan Quality Management
2. Manage Quality
3. Control Quality

Question 23

Quality Management Terms

Answer 23

Prevention - Keeping Errors out of the process
Inspection - Keeping Errors out of the customers’ hands
Attribute Sampling - Results either conforms or does not conform
Variable Sampling - measures the degree of conformity
Tolerances - specified range of acceptable results
Control Limits - identified the boundaries of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance

Question 24

Accuracy vs. Precision

Answer 24

Accuracy is an assessment of correctness.

Precision is a measure of exactness. (describes the clustering)

Question 25

Kaizen Process

Answer 25

Continuous small improvements to reduce cost and ensure consistency

Question 26

Marginal Analysis

Answer 26

Study of the cost of improvement to a product or service and how the cost contribute to an increase in revenue. Marginal cost to create one more unit.

Question 27

Standards vs. Regulations

Answer 27

Standards are optional, regulations are requirements

Question 28

Quality vs. Grade

Answer 28

Quality means that something does what you needed it to do. Grade describes how much people value it.

Question 29

PMI Quality Planning Process Theme?

Answer 29

Plan, implement, measure, react, and document.

Question 30

What are the Key Inputs for Planning Quality?

Answer 30

Project Charter, Project Management Plan, Project Documents, EEF, and OPA.

Question 31

Types of Quality Cost

Answer 31

1. Prevention - Quality Assurance; delivering exactly what the project scope with expected quality.
2. Appraisal - Quality Control; the time and money of measuring, testing, and auditing, and evaluation Time for testing
3. Failure - Internal Failure; scrap and rework.

Question 32

Manage Quality

Answer 32

Executing process, sum of the planning and the implementations, sometimes referred to as QA, should occur before and during the project, continuous process improvement, everyone’s responsibility.

Question 33

Design for X

Answer 33

a philosophy in product design. X can mean excellence. DfX. Goals include lowered cost and improved service, reliability, safety, and overall quality.
(Define the problem -> Define the root cause, Generate a Solution, Select a best solution for the problem, Implement the Solution, Verify)

Question 34

What are the Key Outputs to Managing Quality?

Answer 34

Project Management Plan Update (QMP, Scope Baseline, Schedule Baseline, Cost Baseline), Project Document Updates (Issue Log, Lessons Learned, Risk Register) .