6.1 Psychological Influences on the Individual

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individuals distinctive character

Question 2

Innate

Answer 2

Nature - born with these characteristics

Question 3

Nurture

Answer 3

Characteristics gathered from environment

Question 4

Trait theory

Answer 4

A theory which suggests that innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour

Question 5

What do coaches use the trait theory for

Answer 5

Coaches like to use the trait theory to predict behaviour of athletes in situations

Question 6

What do coaches use the trait theory for

Answer 6

Coaches like to use the trait theory to predict behaviour of athletes in situations

Question 7

What are the problems with the trait theory

Answer 7

• It does not take into account personality change which means the predictions for behaviours could be wrong
• it also doesn’t take into account the personal experiences which can change personalities

Question 8

Example of personality change

Answer 8

When on the pitch, aggressive assertive and demanding
When off the pitch, nice calm and relaxed

Question 9

What is the Social learning theory

Answer 9

This theory is that our behaviour is learned from significant others by a process called socialisation

Question 10

What is socialisation?

Answer 10

Associating with other people and picking up their behaviour

Question 11

Stages of socialisation

Answer 11

Observe - identify - reinforce - copy

Question 12

Why would I be more likely to pick up behaviour of some people than others

Answer 12

• we are more likely to learn reinforced behaviour that is successful and powerful
• we are also more likely to pick up behaviour as a live event rather than through media

Question 13

What is the interactionists perspective

Answer 13

A theory which combines trait and social learning theory to predict behaviour in a specific situation. It suggests that the traits we are born with are adapted and used according to the situation

Question 14

Lewins formula

Answer 14

B f(PxE)

Behaviour is a function of personality and the environment

Question 15

What 3 features make up a personality in Hollanders theory

Answer 15

1 - core of a performer
2 - typical responses of a performer
3 - role related behaviour of a performer

Question 16

What is the core of a performer

Answer 16

The values and beliefs of the performer. Consistent and doesn’t change

Question 17

What are the typical responses of a performer

Answer 17

The usual responses the player would make in a given situation

Question 18

What is the role related behaviour of a performer

Answer 18

Refers to the further changes to behaviour that is made in a demanding situation

Question 19

In conclusion, what did Hollander believe in

Answer 19

He believed that the environmental factors does affect the traits of the individual

Question 20

3 examples of when a coach could use the interactionists perspective

Answer 20

• predicting foul play of a player, for example subbing a player off in a situation to avoid them getting a red card
• could identify a factor which causes a drop in performance and mimick this factor in training to improve it for the game
• finally could identify the circumstances that drops a performance and give advice to the player