Plumbing

Question 1

supply systems

Answer 1

clean, clear and potable water systems under pressure

Question 2

sanitary waste systems

Answer 2

for removal of contaminated water; rely on gravity for drainage

Question 3

static head

Answer 3

pressure available to overcome friction in the entire system; measured in inches of water

Question 4

1 psi = ___ ft. of water = ___kPa

Answer 4

2. 31 feet (1 psi will raise a column of water by 1 ft)

6. 895 kPa

Question 5

1 ft^3 of water = ____ gallons

Answer 5

7.5 gallons

Question 6

lift = ___

Answer 6

height (ft)

2. 31 psi/ft

Question 7

acidic/alkaline

Answer 7

pH below 7/pH above 7

Question 8

hard water

Answer 8

contains limestone, magnesium, or calcium. these get deposited in the plumbing system; can be removed by ion exchange

Question 9

carcinogenic water

Answer 9

contains insecticides, DDT, PCBs, asbestos…

Question 10

diseased water

Answer 10

contains bacteria or viruses (often from human or animal waste)

Question 11

cause of color or odor in water

Answer 11

organic mater, inorganic salt, dissolved gas. can be corrected by filtration or chlorination

Question 12

turbidity of water

Answer 12

caused by suspended solids; not usually hazardous. can be treated by filtration

Question 13

water source: well

Answer 13

drilled or bored; cast iron perforated pipe inserted to prevent collapse but allow seeping

Question 14

water source: suction pumps

Answer 14

used to raise water less than 25’

Question 15

water source: deep well jet pump

Answer 15

used to draw water up to 100’ or more

Question 16

water source: turbine pump

Answer 16

for deep, high capacity wells

Question 17

water source: subversive pump

Answer 17

for small residential use; pumps from below the water line into a pressure tank

Question 18

water source: municipal supply
upfeed
downfeed

Answer 18

treated water pumped at 50 psi
pressure from main delivers to fixtures; limits height to 40-60’
water from main pumped up to holding tank; gravity provides feed to fixtures

Question 19

water pressure: pneumatic tank

Answer 19

pressurized tank on lowest level provides for upper levels

Question 20

water pressure: tankless system

Answer 20

multiple variable-speed pumps provide pressure on demand. accounts for friction, which is greater when pipes have smaller diameter

Question 21

psi and water use: toilet

Answer 21

25 psi

3-5 gal/flush

Question 22

psi and water use: shower

Answer 22

12 psi

3 gal/min

Question 23

psi and water use: bathtub faucet

Answer 23

5 psi

4 gal.min

Question 24

psi and water use: hand washing

Answer 24

8 psi

2.5 gal/min

Question 25

psi and water use: washing machine

Answer 25

8 psi

4 gal/min (40 gal/load)

Question 26

psi and water use: dishwasher

Answer 26

8 psi

4 gal/min (15 gal/load)

Question 27

surface runoff

Answer 27

water flow when soil is saturated

Question 28

catch basin

Answer 28

reservoir in which debris and sediment from runoff can settle before entering storm drains

Question 29

invert

Answer 29

lowest point or inside surface of drain or pipe

Question 30

culvert

Answer 30

drain/passage that moves water below ground - typ. large diameter concrete or metal pipe

Question 31

storm drain

Answer 31

underground conduit that carries runoff from a catch basin to a body of water

Question 32

dry well

Answer 32

underground structure above the water table that dissipates unwanted water into the ground

Question 33

3 quality control measures in stormwater systems

Answer 33

1. infiltrate water into soil
2. retain/detain for later release
3. convey runoff slowly through ventillation

Question 34

solar water heater: direct (open loop)

Answer 34

water is heated in collectors then used in fixtures. simple and efficient, but freezes easily

Question 35

solar water heater: indirect (closed loop)

Answer 35

a fluid (with antifreeze) collects the heat and transfers it to the water through a heat exchanger. there is a loss of efficiency

Question 36

solar water heater: batch

Answer 36

water is heated directly in a black tank in a glass box. simple but freezes and loses efficiency - nighttime cooling

Question 37

solar water heater: thermosiphon

Answer 37

passive open loop - natural movement of water circulates it. storage tanks are above conductors

Question 38

solar water heater: drain-down

Answer 38

open loop that drains collectors when the temperature is freezing; water is wasted, so it’s best in climates where freezing is rare

Question 39

solar water heater: drain-back

Answer 39

indirect stem: water collects heat, in pumped into heat exchanger to heat a coil of domestic water. pump turns off when it’s cold and water is drained to a solar storage tank

Question 40

on-site waste disposal: septic tank/leach field

Answer 40

underground tank collects sewage. solids remain and liquids are drained to the leach field, a grid of ceramic pipe that lets it soak into gravel and soil. 100 gal/day/person; 500 gal min.

Question 41

on-site waste disposal: cesspool

Answer 41

cheapest and worst; an underground pourous chamber leaks into ground until it clogs. then you start over.