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PLSC 326: National Security Policy > PLSC 326 WEEKS EIGHT - TEN > Flashcards

PLSC 326 WEEKS EIGHT - TEN Flashcards

1
Q

Profiles of a President

A

1) Leadership Style
2) Perception of the Nature of the Office
3) Perceptions/Biases and Knowledge of International Affairs and How the International System Works
4) Relationship with the National Security Establishment

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2
Q

Leadership Style

A
  • Personality and Character Traits
  • Can she invoke trust, commitment, loyalty, enthusiasm?
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3
Q

Perception of the Nature of the Office

A

Constitutionalist - BUCHANAN
The Nation’s Steward - EISENHOWER
Presidential Prerogative - LINCOLN and FDR
Monarchial - DJT

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4
Q

Perceptions/Biases and Knowledge of International Affairs and How the International System Works

A

FDR; Truman

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5
Q

Relationship with the National Security Establishment

A
  • SecDef, SecState, NSA
  • The military
  • The Intelligence Community
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6
Q

Which presidents have been forced to change their priorities or approach to NSP

A

JFK
LBJ
Nixon
Reagan
Obama

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7
Q

Why was JFK forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP?

A

Bay of Pigs Fiasco, no longer trusted the US Intelligence or much of the military

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8
Q

Why was LBJ forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP

A

Shift from domestic issues to foreign affair b/c of the war in Vietnam

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9
Q

Why was Nixon forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP

A

Shift from anti-communist hawk to promoting détente with the Russians and Chinese

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10
Q

Why was Reagan forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP

A

Shift from anti-USSR hawk to friendship and disarmament treaties with leader of USSR

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11
Q

Why was Obama forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP

A

Shift from domestic reform and environment BUT 2 wars and the Great Recession

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12
Q

Which presidents have been forced to change their priorities or approach to NSP due to GLOBAL DISRUPTIONS? and why?

A

FDR: Pearl Harbor and WWII
Carter: pacifist and and human rights BUT Iranian Hostage Crisis and USSR invasion on Afghanistan
W Bush: 9/11 terrorist attacks, invasions of Afghan (‘01) and Iraq (‘03)
Biden: Russian invasion of Ukraine

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13
Q

1947 National Security Act

A

1) Creates Nat’l Sec Council
2) Creates SecDef
3) Creates Air Force
4) Creates CIA
5) Establishes JCS and Chairman (CJCS)

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14
Q

National Security Advisor

A
  • not mentioned in 1947 NSAct
  • developed in 50’s and does NOT require senate confirmation
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15
Q

Most Famous National Security Advisor

A

Henry KISSINGER

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16
Q

Biden’s (current) NSA

A

Jake SULLIVAN

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17
Q

National Security Council Statutory Members

A
  • President
  • Vice President
  • SecDef
    -SecState
    Later added: SecTreasury and SecEnergy
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18
Q

Advisors to National Security Council

A
  • Director of Nat’l Intelligence
  • CJCS
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19
Q

the NSC Staff has grown in what 2 things

A

numbers (400) and influence on NSP

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20
Q

4 Roles of the NSA

A
  • Advises the President
  • can be a neutral broker, advocate, or something in between for NSC members
  • Manages the NSC Staff
  • Can engage on foreign policymaking on behalf of the President (Kissinger for Nixon)
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21
Q

What was the name of the operation President Carter authorized in April 1980?

A

Operation Eagle Claw

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22
Q

What were the events that led up to Carter authorizing Operation Eagle Claw?

A

Jan ‘79: Shah and wife left Iran and exiled
Feb ‘79: KHOMEINI returns from exile and installs and theocratic regime
Nov ‘79: Iranians enter the US Embassy, gain control, and take everyone hostage

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23
Q

What was the name of the stopping point in Operation Eagle Claw that was meant for helicopter refueling?

A

Desert ONE

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24
Q

What was the name of the stopping point in Operation Eagle Claw that was meant to be a hide site but was never reached?

A

Desert TWO

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25
City of Target in Operation Eagle Claw
Tehran
26
Three Parts of the National Security Policy Triad
- SecDef (and DOD) - SecState (and DOS) - NSA (and NSC Staff)
27
What are the four "hats" worn by SecState and SecDef?
1) part of the presidents cabinet, 15 Secs of 15 dept. 2) President's loyal and trusted advisors and faithful executors of President's instructions and policies 3) Manage their large Executive Department 4) policymakers with their own agendas and priorities
28
Who: - is appointed by the president and needs no Senate confirmation - has no Executive Dept, but a NSC Staff - would be more loyal to the president's instruction and policy - has the most influence on the President out of the three members of the "policy triad"
National Security Advisor (NSA)
29
The Cold War lasted from
1947-1989
30
This war reached international proportions in June 1950 when North Korea, supplied and advised by the Soviet Union, invaded the South.
The Korean War
31
Intelligence and the military recommend the US carry out a covert operation win 1961 to overthrow a hostile government; the president approves the operations, since the plan was made before his inauguration, but the operation is a disaster answer: [abbreviation of President, name of milestone]
JFK, Bay of Pigs Fiasco
32
Name of physical divider between two cities separated by capitalist and communist values
Berlin Wall
33
Nuclear threat aimed at the US answer: [name of milestone, year, President at the time]
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, JFK
34
Nuclear threat aimed at the US answer: [name of milestone, year, President at the time]
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, JFK
35
This war was fought for fifteen years, US backed one side, and the other side was back by China and the USSR. The US was eventually forced to withdraw answer: [name of war, years of war]
The Vietnam War, 1960-1975
36
This war was fought for fifteen years, US backed one side, and the other side was back by China and the USSR. The US was eventually forced to withdraw answer: [name of war, years of war]
The Vietnam War, 1960-1975
37
When was JFK assassinated and who was his successor? answer: [year, abbreviation of pres.]
1963, LBJ
38
Leader of the Iranian Revolution
Ayatollah KHOMEINI
39
This president was forced to resign, succeeded by Ford
Nixon
40
When was the dissolution on the USSR?
1991
41
What the official name for Operation Desert Storm where, in 1991, the US and its allies liberated Kuwait after its invasion by Iraq?
First Persian Gulf War
42
President during the First Persian Gulf War?
HW Bush (Sr.)
43
This president was impeached, but acquitted, for lying about his relationship with a White House employee. What was the name of the employee? answer: [name of president, name of employee]
Clinton, Monica Lewinsky
44
Who was the president during 9/11/01 and where was he when he found out? answer: [name, location]
Bush, a classroom (in Florida)
45
When does the US invade Afghanistan?
2001
46
When does the US invade Iraq?
2003
47
This president was impeached twice, but was never convicted
Donald Trump
48
When did Russia invade Ukraine, month and year?
February 2022
49
Important Departments to know in the Executive Branch (6)
DoJustice DoDefense DoState DoEnergy DoTreasury DoHomeland Security
50
Secretary of State
Antony Blinken
51
White House Chief of Staff
Ron Klain
52
National Security Advisor
Jake Sullivan
53
US Trade Rep
Katherine Tai
54
Secretary of Defense
Lloyd Austin
55
Chairman of Joint Chief of Staff (CJCS)
Mark Milley
56
Secretary of Treasury
Janet Yellen
57
Director of National Intelligence
Avril Haines
58
Director of the CIA
William Burns
59
Executive Director of United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Samantha Powers
60
Who is the president’s INNER CIRCLE?
The EOP
61
What does the EOP stand for?
Executive Office of the President
62
Who is the EOP managed by?
White House Chief of Staff
63
The EOP includes which 4 entities
- Office of Management and Budget (OMB) - Office of the White House Counsel - National Security Council Staff (headed by NSA Jake Sullivan - US Trade Representative
64
Presidential Powers expressly mentioned in the Constitution (9)
- Commander in Chief - Negotiates and signs int'l treaties - Appointment powers - Propose new legislation - Sign a bill --> law or veto it - Propose Federal Budget - Executive powers: take care that laws be faithfully executed - Pardon power - Address Congress in a "State of the Union" address
65
Executive Toolkit (5)
- Executive Orders - Executive Agreements - Influence funding and staffing - Bully Pulpit - Attach a 'signing statement' to a bill
66
Which department was created after the 9/11 attacks that brought together several agencies that used to be housed in different departments?
Department of Homeland Security
67
Some agencies that now make up the DHS are: (6)
- FEMA - US Secret Service - US Coast Guard - TSA - US Customs and Border Protection - ICE: Immigration and Customs Enforcement
68
Who are the 8 members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
- Chairman - Vice Chairman - Chief of Staff of the Army - Chief of Staff of the Air Force - Chief of Naval Operations (Navy - Commandant of the Marines - Chief of the National Guard Bureau - Chief of the Space Force
69
What are the two key federal statutes that led to far reaching reforms of the US Military?
- 1947 National Security Act - 1986 Goldwater Nichols Defense Reorganization Act
70
What is the (new) Chain of Command for Military Operations?
President > Sec Defense > Commanders of the Combatant Commands
71
What is the State Department in charge of?
all US diplomats serving abroad (including US ambassadors) and US foreign service personnel
72
Which department is the largest employer in the world?
Department of Defense
73
The Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) was created when and what is its responsibility?
Created after the 9/11 attacks, the ODNI oversees and coordinates the "intelligence community" which comprises 16 intelligence agencies (CIA, NSA, DIA)
74
What does USAID stand for and what does this agency do?
The US Agency for International Development manages US-funded programs and projects to support developing countries
75
What are the 11 Combatant Commands?
Africa Command Central Command Northern Command Southern Command Indo-Pacific Command European Command Strategic Command Special Operations Command Transportation Command Space Command Cyber Command
76
Each of the Combatant Commands is headed by a 4 star general or Admiral, has its own headquarters and is responsible for conducting military operations in its designated ________ ________ or with respect to its designated __________.
geographical theater, function
77
SIX Powers of Congress that affect national security, and the US Military
- Power of the Purse - Congressional Oversight - Senate's power to confirm top Defense Department, foreign policy, and intelligence officials - Congress makes "rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces" - Power to "declare war" - 1973 War Powers Resolution
78
Issues/challenges w/ respect to the Congress' role in military affairs (4):
1. "Guns and butter" issues 2. Parochial interests of members of Congress 3. the DOMINANT role of House and Senate Armed Forces Committees 4. Congressional competition with the Executive Branch over 4 issues (use of force/deployments, resource allocation, military performance assessment, strategy and priorities)
79
Civilian Control Principle
Almost all top positions within the Dept. Defense are occupied by civilian appointees, so the principle of the of the US military is the "civilian control"
80
What are the three factors that determine the SIZE and COMPOSITION of the Military?
1. Availability of financial and other resources 2. technological developments 3. Nature of the perceived threats
81
What are four unique characteristics of the military profession and culture?
- They serve the country, BUT they are ALSO very influenced by esprit de corps, camaraderie, and tradition - Honor, courage loyalty, and willingness to give ones life, use force and even take lives to protect country and unit - Obedience - "insulation" from politics
82
What are the two critical dimensions of intelligence?
Collection and analysis
83
What are the two key categories of intelligence
HUMINT and TECHINT

PLSC 326: National Security Policy (3 decks)

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