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PLSC 326: National Security Policy > PLSC 326 WEEKS EIGHT - TEN > Flashcards

PLSC 326 WEEKS EIGHT - TEN Flashcards

1
Q

Profiles of a President

A

1) Leadership Style
2) Perception of the Nature of the Office
3) Perceptions/Biases and Knowledge of International Affairs and How the International System Works
4) Relationship with the National Security Establishment

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2
Q

Leadership Style

A
  • Personality and Character Traits
  • Can she invoke trust, commitment, loyalty, enthusiasm?
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3
Q

Perception of the Nature of the Office

A

Constitutionalist - BUCHANAN
The Nation’s Steward - EISENHOWER
Presidential Prerogative - LINCOLN and FDR
Monarchial - DJT

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4
Q

Perceptions/Biases and Knowledge of International Affairs and How the International System Works

A

FDR; Truman

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5
Q

Relationship with the National Security Establishment

A
  • SecDef, SecState, NSA
  • The military
  • The Intelligence Community
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6
Q

Which presidents have been forced to change their priorities or approach to NSP

A

JFK
LBJ
Nixon
Reagan
Obama

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7
Q

Why was JFK forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP?

A

Bay of Pigs Fiasco, no longer trusted the US Intelligence or much of the military

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8
Q

Why was LBJ forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP

A

Shift from domestic issues to foreign affair b/c of the war in Vietnam

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9
Q

Why was Nixon forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP

A

Shift from anti-communist hawk to promoting détente with the Russians and Chinese

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10
Q

Why was Reagan forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP

A

Shift from anti-USSR hawk to friendship and disarmament treaties with leader of USSR

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11
Q

Why was Obama forced to change his priorities/approach to NSP

A

Shift from domestic reform and environment BUT 2 wars and the Great Recession

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12
Q

Which presidents have been forced to change their priorities or approach to NSP due to GLOBAL DISRUPTIONS? and why?

A

FDR: Pearl Harbor and WWII
Carter: pacifist and and human rights BUT Iranian Hostage Crisis and USSR invasion on Afghanistan
W Bush: 9/11 terrorist attacks, invasions of Afghan (‘01) and Iraq (‘03)
Biden: Russian invasion of Ukraine

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13
Q

1947 National Security Act

A

1) Creates Nat’l Sec Council
2) Creates SecDef
3) Creates Air Force
4) Creates CIA
5) Establishes JCS and Chairman (CJCS)

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14
Q

National Security Advisor

A
  • not mentioned in 1947 NSAct
  • developed in 50’s and does NOT require senate confirmation
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15
Q

Most Famous National Security Advisor

A

Henry KISSINGER

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16
Q

Biden’s (current) NSA

A

Jake SULLIVAN

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17
Q

National Security Council Statutory Members

A
  • President
  • Vice President
  • SecDef
    -SecState
    Later added: SecTreasury and SecEnergy
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18
Q

Advisors to National Security Council

A
  • Director of Nat’l Intelligence
  • CJCS
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19
Q

the NSC Staff has grown in what 2 things

A

numbers (400) and influence on NSP

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20
Q

4 Roles of the NSA

A
  • Advises the President
  • can be a neutral broker, advocate, or something in between for NSC members
  • Manages the NSC Staff
  • Can engage on foreign policymaking on behalf of the President (Kissinger for Nixon)
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21
Q

What was the name of the operation President Carter authorized in April 1980?

A

Operation Eagle Claw

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22
Q

What were the events that led up to Carter authorizing Operation Eagle Claw?

A

Jan ‘79: Shah and wife left Iran and exiled
Feb ‘79: KHOMEINI returns from exile and installs and theocratic regime
Nov ‘79: Iranians enter the US Embassy, gain control, and take everyone hostage

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23
Q

What was the name of the stopping point in Operation Eagle Claw that was meant for helicopter refueling?

A

Desert ONE

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24
Q

What was the name of the stopping point in Operation Eagle Claw that was meant to be a hide site but was never reached?

A

Desert TWO

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25
Q

City of Target in Operation Eagle Claw

A

Tehran

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26
Q

Three Parts of the National Security Policy Triad

A
  • SecDef (and DOD)
  • SecState (and DOS)
  • NSA (and NSC Staff)
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27
Q

What are the four “hats” worn by SecState and SecDef?

A

1) part of the presidents cabinet, 15 Secs of 15 dept.
2) President’s loyal and trusted advisors and faithful executors of President’s instructions and policies
3) Manage their large Executive Department
4) policymakers with their own agendas and priorities

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28
Q

Who:
- is appointed by the president and needs no Senate confirmation
- has no Executive Dept, but a NSC Staff
- would be more loyal to the president’s instruction and policy
- has the most influence on the President out of the three members of the “policy triad”

A

National Security Advisor (NSA)

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29
Q

The Cold War lasted from

A

1947-1989

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30
Q

This war reached international proportions in June 1950 when North Korea, supplied and advised by the Soviet Union, invaded the South.

A

The Korean War

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31
Q

Intelligence and the military recommend the US carry out a covert operation win 1961 to overthrow a hostile government; the president approves the operations, since the plan was made before his inauguration, but the operation is a disaster
answer: [abbreviation of President, name of milestone]

A

JFK, Bay of Pigs Fiasco

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32
Q

Name of physical divider between two cities separated by capitalist and communist values

A

Berlin Wall

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33
Q

Nuclear threat aimed at the US
answer: [name of milestone, year, President at the time]

A

Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, JFK

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34
Q

Nuclear threat aimed at the US
answer: [name of milestone, year, President at the time]

A

Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, JFK

35
Q

This war was fought for fifteen years, US backed one side, and the other side was back by China and the USSR. The US was eventually forced to withdraw
answer: [name of war, years of war]

A

The Vietnam War, 1960-1975

36
Q

This war was fought for fifteen years, US backed one side, and the other side was back by China and the USSR. The US was eventually forced to withdraw
answer: [name of war, years of war]

A

The Vietnam War, 1960-1975

37
Q

When was JFK assassinated and who was his successor?
answer: [year, abbreviation of pres.]

38
Q

Leader of the Iranian Revolution

A

Ayatollah KHOMEINI

39
Q

This president was forced to resign, succeeded by Ford

40
Q

When was the dissolution on the USSR?

41
Q

What the official name for Operation Desert Storm where, in 1991, the US and its allies liberated Kuwait after its invasion by Iraq?

A

First Persian Gulf War

42
Q

President during the First Persian Gulf War?

A

HW Bush (Sr.)

43
Q

This president was impeached, but acquitted, for lying about his relationship with a White House employee. What was the name of the employee?
answer: [name of president, name of employee]

A

Clinton, Monica Lewinsky

44
Q

Who was the president during 9/11/01 and where was he when he found out?
answer: [name, location]

A

Bush, a classroom (in Florida)

45
Q

When does the US invade Afghanistan?

46
Q

When does the US invade Iraq?

47
Q

This president was impeached twice, but was never convicted

A

Donald Trump

48
Q

When did Russia invade Ukraine, month and year?

A

February 2022

49
Q

Important Departments to know in the Executive Branch (6)

A

DoJustice
DoDefense
DoState
DoEnergy
DoTreasury
DoHomeland Security

50
Q

Secretary of State

A

Antony Blinken

51
Q

White House Chief of Staff

52
Q

National Security Advisor

A

Jake Sullivan

53
Q

US Trade Rep

A

Katherine Tai

54
Q

Secretary of Defense

A

Lloyd Austin

55
Q

Chairman of Joint Chief of Staff (CJCS)

A

Mark Milley

56
Q

Secretary of Treasury

A

Janet Yellen

57
Q

Director of National Intelligence

A

Avril Haines

58
Q

Director of the CIA

A

William Burns

59
Q

Executive Director of United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

A

Samantha Powers

60
Q

Who is the president’s INNER CIRCLE?

61
Q

What does the EOP stand for?

A

Executive Office of the President

62
Q

Who is the EOP managed by?

A

White House Chief of Staff

63
Q

The EOP includes which 4 entities

A
  • Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
  • Office of the White House Counsel
  • National Security Council Staff (headed by NSA Jake Sullivan
  • US Trade Representative
64
Q

Presidential Powers expressly mentioned in the Constitution (9)

A
  • Commander in Chief
  • Negotiates and signs int’l treaties
  • Appointment powers
  • Propose new legislation
  • Sign a bill –> law or veto it
  • Propose Federal Budget
  • Executive powers: take care that laws be faithfully executed
  • Pardon power
  • Address Congress in a “State of the Union” address
65
Q

Executive Toolkit (5)

A
  • Executive Orders
  • Executive Agreements
  • Influence funding and staffing
  • Bully Pulpit
  • Attach a ‘signing statement’ to a bill
66
Q

Which department was created after the 9/11 attacks that brought together several agencies that used to be housed in different departments?

A

Department of Homeland Security

67
Q

Some agencies that now make up the DHS are: (6)

A
  • FEMA
  • US Secret Service
  • US Coast Guard
  • TSA
  • US Customs and Border Protection
  • ICE: Immigration and Customs Enforcement
68
Q

Who are the 8 members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?

A
  • Chairman
  • Vice Chairman
  • Chief of Staff of the Army
  • Chief of Staff of the Air Force
  • Chief of Naval Operations (Navy
  • Commandant of the Marines
  • Chief of the National Guard Bureau
  • Chief of the Space Force
69
Q

What are the two key federal statutes that led to far reaching reforms of the US Military?

A
  • 1947 National Security Act
  • 1986 Goldwater Nichols Defense Reorganization Act
70
Q

What is the (new) Chain of Command for Military Operations?

A

President > Sec Defense > Commanders of the Combatant Commands

71
Q

What is the State Department in charge of?

A

all US diplomats serving abroad (including US ambassadors) and US foreign service personnel

72
Q

Which department is the largest employer in the world?

A

Department of Defense

73
Q

The Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) was created when and what is its responsibility?

A

Created after the 9/11 attacks, the ODNI oversees and coordinates the “intelligence community” which comprises 16 intelligence agencies (CIA, NSA, DIA)

74
Q

What does USAID stand for and what does this agency do?

A

The US Agency for International Development manages US-funded programs and projects to support developing countries

75
Q

What are the 11 Combatant Commands?

A

Africa Command
Central Command
Northern Command
Southern Command
Indo-Pacific Command
European Command
Strategic Command
Special Operations Command
Transportation Command
Space Command
Cyber Command

76
Q

Each of the Combatant Commands is headed by a 4 star general or Admiral, has its own headquarters and is responsible for conducting military operations in its designated ________ ________ or with respect to its designated __________.

A

geographical theater, function

77
Q

SIX Powers of Congress that affect national security, and the US Military

A
  • Power of the Purse
  • Congressional Oversight
  • Senate’s power to confirm top Defense Department, foreign policy, and intelligence officials
  • Congress makes “rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces”
  • Power to “declare war”
  • 1973 War Powers Resolution
78
Q

Issues/challenges w/ respect to the Congress’ role in military affairs (4):

A
  1. “Guns and butter” issues
  2. Parochial interests of members of Congress
  3. the DOMINANT role of House and Senate Armed Forces Committees
  4. Congressional competition with the Executive Branch over 4 issues (use of force/deployments, resource allocation, military performance assessment, strategy and priorities)
79
Q

Civilian Control Principle

A

Almost all top positions within the Dept. Defense are occupied by civilian appointees, so the principle of the of the US military is the “civilian control”

80
Q

What are the three factors that determine the SIZE and COMPOSITION of the Military?

A
  1. Availability of financial and other resources
  2. technological developments
  3. Nature of the perceived threats
81
Q

What are four unique characteristics of the military profession and culture?

A
  • They serve the country, BUT they are ALSO very influenced by esprit de corps, camaraderie, and tradition
  • Honor, courage loyalty, and willingness to give ones life, use force and even take lives to protect country and unit
  • Obedience
  • “insulation” from politics
82
Q

What are the two critical dimensions of intelligence?

A

Collection and analysis

83
Q

What are the two key categories of intelligence

A

HUMINT and TECHINT

PLSC 326: National Security Policy (3 decks)

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