Pleural Effusion Flashcards
Pleural Effusion:
-3 MOA
Describe intrapulmonary/intrapleural pressure.
MOA:
- increased drainage of fluid into the space
- increased production of fluid by cells in the space
- decreased drainage of fluid from the space.
Intrapulmonary = the pressure within the alveoli, as the chest expands on inspiration the intrapulm pressure becomes more negative which causes air to be sucked into the lungs.
Intrapleural pressure:
- pressure within the pleural cavity.
- negative pressure is created in the pleural space as the thoracic cage enlarges during inspiration
- negative pressure may be lost if fluid collects in the pleural space.
Pleural Effusion:
-3 MOA
Describe intrapulmonary/intrapleural pressure.
MOA:
- increased drainage of fluid into the space
- increased production of fluid by cells in the space
- decreased drainage of fluid from the space.
Intrapulmonary = the pressure within the alveoli, as the chest expands on inspiration the intrapulm pressure becomes more negative which causes air to be sucked into the lungs.
Intrapleural pressure:
- pressure within the pleural cavity.
- negative pressure is created in the pleural space as the thoracic cage enlarges during inspiration
- negative pressure may be lost if fluid collects in the pleural space.
Pleural Effusion:
- what is this?
- how much is normally in the pleural space?
- how much fluid need be present to show on xray?
- causes
What: abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
Normal: 25ml
show on xray: 250ml
Cause:
- CHF
- liver failure (decreased albumin)
- infection
- atelectasis
- CA
- trauma
Hemothorax:
-what is this?
What are the types of pleural fluid?
What: accumulation of blood in the pleural space.
Types:
- transudate: w/o protein, it is serum.
- exudate: protein in the fluid (infection, inflammation, etc)
- empyema = pus
- chyle= lymph
- hemothorax = blood
Pleural Effusion:
-what Xray views are best?
Thoracentesis:
-insertion site?
XRAY:
- lateral decubitus*
- PA erect*
- PA and lat.
Thoracentesis:
- insertion site is 5-6th intercostal space, 2cm below tip of scapula.
- **FOLLOW UP XRAY IS MANDATORY!
Pleural Effusion:
- what is this?
- how much is normally in the pleural space?
- how much fluid need be present to show on xray?
- causes
What: abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
Normal: 25ml
show on xray: 250ml
Cause:
- CHF
- liver failure (decreased albumin)
- infection
- atelectasis
- CA
- trauma
Hemothorax:
-what is this?
What are the types of pleural fluid?
What: accumulation of blood in the pleural space.
Types:
- transudate: w/o protein, it is serum.
- exudate: protein in the fluid (infection, inflammation, etc)
- empyema = pus
- chyle= lymph
- hemothorax = blood
Pleural Effusion:
-what Xray views are best?
Thoracentesis:
-insertion site?
XRAY:
- lateral decubitus*
- PA erect*
- PA and lat.
Thoracentesis:
- insertion site is 5-6th intercostal space, 2cm below tip of scapula.
- **FOLLOW UP XRAY IS MANDATORY!
