IV fluids Blood Products Flashcards
What are the transfusion risks of blood and blood products?
infection
allergic and immune transfusion reaction
volume overload (elderly, children, CHF)
hyperkalemia (newborns, renal failure, massive transfusion)
iron overload (large number of transfusions)
Define Massive Transfusion?
What are the complications of massive transfusion of PRBC?
defined as replacement of blood volume in a 24hr period or greater than 50% of blood volume in 4hrs
(4PRBC in 1hr or 10PRBC in 12-24hrs)
Complications: PATCH
- Platelets decrease, Potassium increase
- ARDS, Acidosis
- Temp decrease
- Citrate intoxication
- Hemolytic Rxn
Define:
- type and screen
- type and crossmatch
The normal rate of O2 delivery exceeds consumption by a factor of ___?
Type and screen = determines ABO and Rh status and the presence of most commonly encountered ABYS.
Type and crossmatch = determines the ABO and Rh status as well as adverse reaction to level low incidence ANTIGENS.
The rate of O2 delivery exceeds consumption by a factor of 4.
What components make up whole blood?
What components make up plasma?
Whole blood = RBC, Granulocytes, plasma, platelets.
Plasma = FFP and fractionated products
What components make up FFP?
FFP =
- cryoprecipitate (fibrinogen, VonWIllebrand, Factor VIII, fibronectin)
- Cryosupernatant (factor VIII; used in plasma exchange)
- Fractionated products = Factors VII, VIII, IX, albumin, and immune globulin
When do you use FFP?
Which blood type is the universal donor?
What blood type is the most rare?
Which blood type is MC in the population?
Use FFP when you need clotting factors, used to reverse warfarin, large volume transfusion
Universal donor = O -
Rare = AB -
MC in population = O+, A+
What type of crystalloid fluid are given in each of the following circumstances?
- expand the ECF volume
- reverses dehydration
- to increase ECF and decrease cellular swelling?
Expand ECF volume = isotoninc
Reverse dehydration = hypotonic
Increase ECF volume and decrease cellular swelling = hypertonic
What type of fluids are used to increase intravascular volume?
Which is colloid vs crystalloid?
- D5W
- Albumin
- Dextran
- Saline
- D5 1/2NS
- Hexastarch
- Ringers Lactate
Colloids, isotonic
Colloid vs crystalloid:
- D5W: cyrstalloid
- Albumin: colloid
- Dextran: colloid
- Saline: crystalloid
- D5 1/2NS: crystalloid
- Hexastarch: colloid
- Ringers Lactate: crystalloid
What are some signs and sx of intravascular depletion?
What are some signs and sx of interstitial fluid depletion?
How is 5% dextrose handled in the body?
Signs and sx of intravascular depletion: decreased BP, flat jugular veins, increased HR, cool extremities
Signs and sx of interstitial depletion?
-decreased skin turgor, sunken eyeballs, weight
D5W is handled as free water in the body.
