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PLE > PLE Histology > Flashcards

PLE Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Basal lamina (lamina densa) vs Reticular lamina

A 
Basal lamina (in lamina densa): type IV collagen
Reticular lamina: thicker fibrous meshwork of type III collagen and bound to basal lamina by anchoring fibrils of type VII collagen
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2
Q

epithelial tissue

A

only basic tissue to be derived from all 3 germ layers

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3
Q

epidermis, epithelium of oral and anal canal (below pectinate line), major salivary glands, mammary glands, sweat glands

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

peritoneum, pericardium, pleura

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

gut tube epithelium, dermis, muscle, bone, connective tissue, upper 2/3 of vagina

A

endoderm

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6
Q

brain, spinal cord, retina (minus microglia)

A

neural tube from ectoderm

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7
Q

ELMOPASSES

A

neural crest from ectoderm
enterochromaffin cells, leptomeninges, melanocytes, odontoblasts, PNS ganglia, adrenal medulla, schwann cells, spiral membrane, endocardial cushion, skull bones

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8
Q

covering of the ovaries, thyroid gland follicles, collecting tubules of the kidneys, some ducts of salivary glands, and pancreas

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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9
Q

mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

secretory ducts of sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles

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11
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

conjunctiva

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12
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

trachea, bronchi, nasal cavities

heavily ciliated to transport particles trapped in mucus

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13
Q

exocrine glands

A

connected to surface epithelium via ducts

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14
Q

examples of exocrine glands

A

mammary glands, sweat glands, sweat glands, digestive glands

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15
Q

endocrine glands

A 
no ducts (no -D-), deliver hormones into blood or lymph
i.e. thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland
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16
Q

crypts of lieberkuhn or intestinal glands, mucus glands of colon

A

simple tubular

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17
Q

mechanisms for excretion of exocrine glands

A

merocrine (secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, pancreas)
apocrine (part of the PM, the apical cytoplasm, is shed off, mammary glands)
holocrine (entire cell disintegrates together with the secretion, only sebaceous)

18
Q

types of glands by type of secretion

A

exocrine: with ducts
endocrine: no ducts
paracrine: - release products which reach other cells by diffusion
through the extracellular space or immediately subadjacent connective tissue

19
Q

pancreas

A

both an endocrine and exocrine gland

20
Q

Hereditary disorder characterized by lung congestion and infection and malabsorption of nutrients by the pancreas

A

cystic fibrosis (disorder of exocrine gland)

21
Q

mixed seromucous

A 
submandibular gland (high in serous)
sublingual gland (high in mucus)
22
Q

endocrinopathies

A

Diabetes mellitus: Insulin deficiency (pancreas)
Obesity: Leptin deficiency (adipose tissue)
Goiter: Iodine deficiency (thyroid)

23
Q

MUST KNOW collagen fiber types

A

type 1: skin, tendon, bones (bONE)
type II: cartilage and vitreous (carTWOlage, 2 eyes)
type III: reticulin fibers (reTHREEculin)
type IV: basement membrane (type FLOOR)
type V: fetal tissue and placenta (VeVe)
type VII: connects basement membrane to reticular lamina

24
Q 
argyrophilic (stains black in silver stain)
PAS positive (stains polysacc)
A

reticular fibers (found in reticular lamina, liver, endocrine glands, vasculature, stroma of hematopoietic and immune organs)

25
Q

glycoproteins

A

fibronectin: Implicated in the movement of cells and fibers in the CT for repair and growth
laminin: cross-shaped trimer, found in basal lamina
thrombospondin: secreted by platelets

26
Q

smooth muscle

A

no striations, no T-tubules

27
Q

1) absence of T-tubules
2) less extensive Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
3) MLCK works slowly

A

contraction in smooth muscle is slower due to:

smooth muscle: only muscle requiring myosin to be phosphorylated first before interaction with actin can occur

28
Q

two types of innervation in smooth muscle

A

unitary: gap junctions where action potential spreads
- GI tract, uterus, ureter
multiunit: individual fibers with own motor unit terminals
- walls of large blood vessels, arrector pili muscle, iris and ciliary body

29
Q

lipofuscin

A

fine yellow-brown pigment granules composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion.
“wear-and-tear” pigment

30
Q

no change in length during contraction

A

A band

31
Q

shortens during contraction

A

H-zone, I-band, sarcomere

32
Q

light band due to only thin filaments

A

I-band

33
Q

A-band

A

thick and thin filaments

does not change length during contraction

34
Q

only thick filament, shortens during contraction

A

H zone

35
Q

M-line

A

only thick filaments

where thick filaments on either side of M line connect

36
Q

accessory proteins in the sarcomere

A

titin, alpha-actinin, myomesin

37
Q

titin

A

gives elasticity to the sarcomere and prevents overstretching
keeps A-band in the center of the sarcomere
runs from M line to Z line

38
Q

myomesin

A

runs through thick filament and binds it to the M line

39
Q

alpha-actinin

A

attaches thin filament to Z line

40
Q

troponin

A

TnC: Ca2+ binding to initiate contraction
TnI: inhibits binding of myosin to actin during relaxation
TnT: binds complex to tropomyosin

PLE (2 decks)

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