play Flashcards
“Play is the preeminent
educational activity of early
childhood.
Lev Vygotsky
Hughes (2003) offers three criteria
that may help to define play?
freedom of choice
personal enjoyment
focus is on the activity itself rather than its outcomes
Play is an important part of ?
child’s early
development.
Roughly 80% of brain
development is completed by
age three and 90 % by age
five
play takes 5 forms
cognitive
physical
social
emotional
language
advocated and
supported active learning and believed
that children learn through play
activities based on their interests.
john dewey
believed that play
promotes cognitive schemes and is
mean by which children construct
knowledge of their world
jean piaget
the child is seemingly not engaged or actively playing with others at all. age between 0-2
unoccupied play
A child observes others playing but does not join the play they will frequently engage in other forms of social interaction such as conversations to learn more about the game or played that is going on. 2 1/2 and 3 1/2
Onlooker play
A child will be more interested in playing with other children around them than the individual toys they play with. 3 or 4.
Develops necessary skills such as cooperations, problem solving, and language development
Associative play
Children will often play alone with toys different from those of others and be an interested or aware of what others around them are doing. 2 and 3
Solitary play
Children are now interested in both the people and that they are playing with as well as the activity at hand the group is more formalized with the leader as well as other assigned roles and play organized around accomplishing group goals or specific task
Cooperative play
Occurs when children play side by side from one another but there is a lack of group involvement among them they will typically be playing with similar toys and often times mimic one another
Parallel play
Way to recuperate from fatigue experience from hard work
Restore’s energy and provides more benefit to the body than illness
Recreation theory
Serve to rid the organism of permitive and unnecessary instinctual skills curious over by heredity
Recapitulation theory
Young are freed from the business of self-preservation through the activities of their parents
Release in the aimless exzuberant activities of play
Surplus energy theory
Necessary practice for behaviors that are essential for later survival
Pre-exercise theory
Seen as a made of dissipating the inhibitions built up from fatigue die to tasks that are relatively new to organism
Play is to relax
Relaxation theory
Inherited and the the child will engage in behaviors and activities instinctively
Instinct theory
Nature’s Way of completing the echo and expressive exercising of the ego and the rest of the personality
Ego-expanding theories
Response to a generalized drive for growth in the organisms
Serves to facilitate the mastery of skills necessary to the function of adult behaviors
Growth theory
Working out of two fundamental skills
Experience and development
Accommodations and assimilation
Cognitive theory
Attempts to partially satisfy drivers or to resolve conflicts when the child really doesn’t have the means to do so
Cathartic theory
Cognitive life space of the child is still instructed
Failure to discriminate between real and unreal
Infantile Dynamics
