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Parasitology > Platyhelminthes 3 > Flashcards

Platyhelminthes 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Trematodes description

A

Flukes
Oval or leaf-like body
Few mm to few cm long
Tegument with spines

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2
Q

Reproductive system of treamtodes

A

Hermaphodites - reproductive system occupies most of the body

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3
Q

Life cycle of trematodes

A

Complex, molluscs as intermediate hosts

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4
Q

Fasciolosis general description

A

Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease caused
by the common liver fluke from the
family Fasciolidae, which occurs
mainly in ruminants and is common in
moist, swampy areas. The course of
the disease is acute or chronic.

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5
Q

Intermediate and final host(s) of Liver fluke

A

Final hosts: ruminants (others might be reservoirs)
Intermediate host: mud-snail

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6
Q

Liver fluke in latin

A

Fasciola hepatica
(F. gigantica)

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7
Q

Liver fluke: distribution

A

Worldwide, seasonal outbreaks (heavy rainfall in summer –> more snails)

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8
Q

Liver fluke: habitat in final host

A

Bile ducts in the liver

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9
Q

Liver fluke: transmission

A

Ingestion of parasite larva (metacercaria) from plants

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10
Q

Liver flukes pathogenesis

A

Two-fold pathogenesis:
Young parasite: migration causes damage to liver and blood vessels
Adult parasite: in the bile duct; cause biliary mucosa damage and ingest blood –> anemia

Chronic disease: cirrhosis, thickened bile ducts

In sheep: bottle jaw neck very common clinical sign! (submandibular oedema)

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11
Q

Liver fluke: diagnostic methods

A

-Fecal sedimentation (no eggs in acute fascioliosis)
-Bloodwork: raised liver enzymes, serology for herd screening
-Necropsy - parasites in bile ducts, liver, gallbladder

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12
Q

Liver fluke egg description

A

Shape: ellipsoidal
Content: granular, larva inside
Shell: thin
Colour: yellow brown

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13
Q

Liver fluke: prevention

A

Reduction in snail populations
Fencing in snail habitats

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14
Q

Liver flukes differences in seasons

A

Early autumn: acute disease and sudden deaths
Early spring: cronic disease

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15
Q

Liver fluke: zoonosis?

A

Yes, can be

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16
Q

Paramphistomiosis is what?

A

Rumen fluke infection

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17
Q

General description of paramphistomiosis

A

Paramphistomosis is a parasitic
disease caused by the young forms
that migrate in the mucosa of the
small intestine and forestomach of
ruminants, and by the adults that
attach to the wall of the foregut. The
disease is common in moist pastures.

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18
Q

Rumen fluke in latin

A

Paramphistomum cervi

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19
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Final and intermediate host(s)

A

Final hosts: ruminants, wild cervids
Intermediate host: aquatic snail

20
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Morphology

A

Non-typical trematode: conical and maggot-like, adults pear-shaped

Size: juveniles 1-3mm, adults up to 15mm
Color: juveniles pink, adults brownish

21
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Epidemiology

A

More prevalent in tropical regions
Moist swampy pastures
More at the end of rainy summer

22
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Place inside host

A

Adults: forestomach
Juveniles: duodenum

23
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Transmission

A

Ingestion of plants with larvae (cercaria)

24
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Life cycle

A

Similar to liver fluke

25
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Pathogenesis and clinical signs

A

Parasite burrows into mucosal and submucosal layers causing necrosis and hemorrhage

Clinical signs rare, seen in young cattle with heavy infection

Enteritis, diarrhea, anorexia, polydipsia, unthriftiness, oedemas

26
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Diagnostic methods

A

Fecal sedimentation (no eggs in acute disease)
Necropsy

27
Q

Dicrocoelosis general description

A

Dicroceliosis is a chronic parasitic
disease caused by a small lancet fluke
that parasitizes mainly in the bile
ducts and gall bladder of ruminants,
and is common in hilly and dry
pastures.

28
Q

Small lancet fluke, latin name

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

29
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum
/small lancet fluke
Final and intermediate host(s)

A

Final hosts: mainly ruminants, occasionally others
Intermediate hosts:
1 - land snail
2 - brown ant

30
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Geographical distribution, habitat, transmission

A

Geography: worldwide
Habitat: biliary and pancreatic ducts
Transmission: ingestion of metacercaria in ants

31
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Life cycle

A

Egg hatches inside snail
Snail produces slime balls with larvae
Ants ingest larvae
Larvae develops inside ant
Host eats ant
Young flukes migrate from small intestine into bile ducts

32
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Pathogenesis and clinical signs

A

Liver damage only in severe cases (cirrhoses, fibroses), usually no or small damage because there’s no parenchymal migration

Does not suck blood

Clinical signs usually absent

In older sheep, alpacas, llamas:
Anemia, oedema, hypothermia, emanciation, weight loss etc

33
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Diagnostic methods

A

Feacal flotation
Sedimentation
Necropsy

34
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum egg morphology

A

Shape: asymmetrical oval, operculum
Content: larva
Shell: thick
Color: dark brown

35
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Prevention

A

Difficult to control because:
-eggs survive well (also in drying of hay)
-wide distribution of the intermediate hosts
-many reservoir hosts

36
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum, zoonosis?

A

Yes. Don’t eat ants.

37
Q

Cat liver fluke is called?

A

Opisthorchis felineus

38
Q

Opisthorcis felineus
Final and intermediate host(s)

A

Final hosts: humans, dogs, cats
Intermediate hosts;
1. freshwater snail
2. freshwater fish

39
Q

Opisthorchis felineus
transmission

A

Eating raw fish

40
Q

Opisthorchis felineus
Distribution, location in host

A

Worldwide, endemic in many european countries

Biliary or pancreatic ducts, small intestine

41
Q

Opisthorchis felineus
Clinical signs

A

Mild to severe, chronic
Epithelial hyperplasia
Fibrosis
Carcinomas in liver/pancreas
Cholecystitis
Diarrhea or constipation

42
Q

Opisthorchis felineus
Diagnostic methods

A

Fecal sedimentation

43
Q

Alariosis general description

A

Alariosis is a parasitic disease in the
small intestine of carnivores, caused
by worms of the genus Alaria, in which
gastro-intestinal inflammation and
lung damage occur.

44
Q

Alariosis pathogen

A

Alaria alata

45
Q

Alaria alata hosts

A

Definitive hosts: wolves, foxes, dogs
Intermediate hosts:
1. IM hosts: freshwater snails
2. IM hosts: tadpoles
Reservoir hosts: snakes, mice, birds
Dead-end hosts: humans

46
Q

Alaria alata in host

A

Small intestine

Young flukes migrate to diaphragm,
lungs - pulmonary haemorrhages

Parasitology (3 decks)

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