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Parasitology > Platyhelminthes 3 > Flashcards

Platyhelminthes 3 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Trematodes description

A

Flukes
Oval or leaf-like body
Few mm to few cm long
Tegument with spines

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2
Q

Reproductive system of treamtodes

A

Hermaphodites - reproductive system occupies most of the body

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3
Q

Life cycle of trematodes

A

Complex, molluscs as intermediate hosts

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4
Q

Fasciolosis general description

A

Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease caused
by the common liver fluke from the
family Fasciolidae, which occurs
mainly in ruminants and is common in
moist, swampy areas. The course of
the disease is acute or chronic.

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5
Q

Intermediate and final host(s) of Liver fluke

A

Final hosts: ruminants (others might be reservoirs)
Intermediate host: mud-snail

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6
Q

Liver fluke in latin

A

Fasciola hepatica
(F. gigantica)

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7
Q

Liver fluke: distribution

A

Worldwide, seasonal outbreaks (heavy rainfall in summer –> more snails)

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8
Q

Liver fluke: habitat in final host

A

Bile ducts in the liver

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9
Q

Liver fluke: transmission

A

Ingestion of parasite larva (metacercaria) from plants

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10
Q

Liver flukes pathogenesis

A

Two-fold pathogenesis:
Young parasite: migration causes damage to liver and blood vessels
Adult parasite: in the bile duct; cause biliary mucosa damage and ingest blood –> anemia

Chronic disease: cirrhosis, thickened bile ducts

In sheep: bottle jaw neck very common clinical sign! (submandibular oedema)

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11
Q

Liver fluke: diagnostic methods

A

-Fecal sedimentation (no eggs in acute fascioliosis)
-Bloodwork: raised liver enzymes, serology for herd screening
-Necropsy - parasites in bile ducts, liver, gallbladder

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12
Q

Liver fluke egg description

A

Shape: ellipsoidal
Content: granular, larva inside
Shell: thin
Colour: yellow brown

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13
Q

Liver fluke: prevention

A

Reduction in snail populations
Fencing in snail habitats

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14
Q

Liver flukes differences in seasons

A

Early autumn: acute disease and sudden deaths
Early spring: cronic disease

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15
Q

Liver fluke: zoonosis?

A

Yes, can be

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16
Q

Paramphistomiosis is what?

A

Rumen fluke infection

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17
Q

General description of paramphistomiosis

A

Paramphistomosis is a parasitic
disease caused by the young forms
that migrate in the mucosa of the
small intestine and forestomach of
ruminants, and by the adults that
attach to the wall of the foregut. The
disease is common in moist pastures.

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18
Q

Rumen fluke in latin

A

Paramphistomum cervi

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19
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Final and intermediate host(s)

Study These Flashcards
A

Final hosts: ruminants, wild cervids
Intermediate host: aquatic snail

20
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Morphology

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-typical trematode: conical and maggot-like, adults pear-shaped

Size: juveniles 1-3mm, adults up to 15mm
Color: juveniles pink, adults brownish

21
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Epidemiology

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A

More prevalent in tropical regions
Moist swampy pastures
More at the end of rainy summer

22
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Place inside host

Study These Flashcards
A

Adults: forestomach
Juveniles: duodenum

23
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Transmission

Study These Flashcards
A

Ingestion of plants with larvae (cercaria)

24
Q

Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi
Life cycle

Study These Flashcards
A

Similar to liver fluke

25
Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi Pathogenesis and clinical signs
Parasite burrows into mucosal and submucosal layers causing necrosis and hemorrhage Clinical signs rare, seen in young cattle with heavy infection Enteritis, diarrhea, anorexia, polydipsia, unthriftiness, oedemas
26
Rumen fluke/Paramphistomum cervi Diagnostic methods
Fecal sedimentation (no eggs in acute disease) Necropsy
27
Dicrocoelosis general description
Dicroceliosis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by a small lancet fluke that parasitizes mainly in the bile ducts and gall bladder of ruminants, and is common in hilly and dry pastures.
28
Small lancet fluke, latin name
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
29
Dicrocoelium dendriticum /small lancet fluke Final and intermediate host(s)
Final hosts: mainly ruminants, occasionally others Intermediate hosts: 1 - land snail 2 - brown ant
30
Dicrocoelium dendriticum Geographical distribution, habitat, transmission
Geography: worldwide Habitat: biliary and pancreatic ducts Transmission: ingestion of metacercaria in ants
31
Dicrocoelium dendriticum Life cycle
Egg hatches inside snail Snail produces slime balls with larvae Ants ingest larvae Larvae develops inside ant Host eats ant Young flukes migrate from small intestine into bile ducts
32
Dicrocoelium dendriticum Pathogenesis and clinical signs
Liver damage only in severe cases (cirrhoses, fibroses), usually no or small damage because there's no parenchymal migration Does not suck blood Clinical signs usually absent In older sheep, alpacas, llamas: Anemia, oedema, hypothermia, emanciation, weight loss etc
33
Dicrocoelium dendriticum Diagnostic methods
Feacal flotation Sedimentation Necropsy
34
Dicrocoelium dendriticum egg morphology
Shape: asymmetrical oval, operculum Content: larva Shell: thick Color: dark brown
35
Dicrocoelium dendriticum Prevention
Difficult to control because: -eggs survive well (also in drying of hay) -wide distribution of the intermediate hosts -many reservoir hosts
36
Dicrocoelium dendriticum, zoonosis?
Yes. Don't eat ants.
37
Cat liver fluke is called?
Opisthorchis felineus
38
Opisthorcis felineus Final and intermediate host(s)
Final hosts: humans, dogs, cats Intermediate hosts; 1. freshwater snail 2. freshwater fish
39
Opisthorchis felineus transmission
Eating raw fish
40
Opisthorchis felineus Distribution, location in host
Worldwide, endemic in many european countries Biliary or pancreatic ducts, small intestine
41
Opisthorchis felineus Clinical signs
Mild to severe, chronic Epithelial hyperplasia Fibrosis Carcinomas in liver/pancreas Cholecystitis Diarrhea or constipation
42
Opisthorchis felineus Diagnostic methods
Fecal sedimentation
43
Alariosis general description
Alariosis is a parasitic disease in the small intestine of carnivores, caused by worms of the genus Alaria, in which gastro-intestinal inflammation and lung damage occur.
44
Alariosis pathogen
Alaria alata
45
Alaria alata hosts
Definitive hosts: wolves, foxes, dogs Intermediate hosts: 1. IM hosts: freshwater snails 2. IM hosts: tadpoles Reservoir hosts: snakes, mice, birds Dead-end hosts: humans
46
Alaria alata in host
Small intestine Young flukes migrate to diaphragm, lungs - pulmonary haemorrhages

Parasitology (3 decks)

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