platyhelminthes

Question 1

Fasciola hepatica/gigantica:
1. drug of choice (2)
2. disease
3. diagnostic technique and its advantages (5)
4. what does the egg and adult look like

Answer 1

1. Triclabendazole = ok for humans
   bithionol = not for humans for cattles only
2. fascioliasis
3. (1) eggs identification = in stool and duodenal content / bile (immature eggs)
   (2) adult worm recovery = surgical exploration, autopsy
   (3) microscopy = adult eggs in light microscopy –> adult phase of infection BUT eggs not found in feces until 3-4 months after infection
   (4) immunodiagnosis = elisa and western blot
   (5) radiological examination = sonography and CT scan
4. egg = ellipsoidal, operculated
   hepatica adult = large, broad, flat, head part or anterior end is cone-shaped , “shoulder-like”
   gigantica dult = less prominent shoulder , larger in size

Question 2

Fasciola hepatica/gigantica:
1. infective and diagnostic stage
2. transmission
3. DH, IH, Vector
4. prevention and control

Answer 2

1. infective = ingestion of metacercariae on edible aquatic plants
   diagnostic = unembryonated eggs passed in feces
2. foodborne ?
3. Dh = humans IH = (1st) snail and (2nd) aquatic plants
4. cook or wash in running water the vegetables, elimination of snail thru coper sulfate, chemotherapy

Question 3

common names of:
Fasciola hepatica
fasciola gigantica

Answer 3

hepatica= common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke
gigantica = large liver flukes

Question 4

fasciola life cycle

Answer 4

immature/unembryonated eggs in feces –> embryonated in water in ~2 weeks –> release miracidia –> infects snail –> development in snail : sporocyst, radiae, cercariae –> cercariae release from snail –> encyst as metacercariae in vegetation –> talen by humans/mammals –> duodenum –> immature fluke in liver –> adult flukes –> produce eggs

Question 5

snail hosts of :

1.fasciola spp in philippines
2. fasciola hepatica
3. fasciola gigantica

Answer 5

1. Lymnaea philippinensis and L. auricularia rubiginosa
2. amphibious = in land and water, usually in mud
3. aquatic snails, slow moving bodies of water

Question 6

scientific name of aquatic plants / 2nd intermediate host of fasciola spp

Answer 6

Ipomea obscura =kangkong
Nasturtium officinale = watercress

Question 7

clonorchis:
1. drug of choice (3)
2. disease
3. diagnostic technique and its advantages (5)
4. what does the ova and larva look like

Answer 7

1. Praziquantel, albendazole, praziquantel-albendazole