Plato's Apology Flashcards
17a1: ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα: ἐγὼ δ᾽ οὖν καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν ὀλίγου ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπελαθόμην, οὕτω πιθανῶς ἔλεγον. καίτοι ἀληθές γε ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν οὐδὲν εἰρήκασιν. μάλιστα δὲ αὐτῶν ἓν ἐθαύμασα τῶν πολλῶν ὧν ἐψεύσαντο, τοῦτο ἐν ᾧ ἔλεγον ὡς χρῆν ὑμᾶς εὐλαβεῖσθαι μὴ ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἐξαπατηθῆτε ὡς δεινοῦ ὄντος λέγειν.
I do not know what you have experienced from my accusers. Even I forgot a bit about myself, they spoke so persuasively. However, they spoke almost nothing of the truth. Most of all, I was amazed by one thing of many that they lied about, namely this one in which they said that it was necessary for you to be careful lest you are deceived on the grounds that I speak skilfully.
ὅτι- indef. rel. pron. (that) which
ὑπὸ- with pass. verb. Takes the gen.
ὀλίγου- gen. of measure.
οὕτω- with adj/adv ‘so’ ‘so much’.
ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν- lit. ‘so as to speak a word’ or ‘almost’.
αὐτῶν- agrees with πολλων.
ὧν- gen. of attraction.
17b1-17c5: τὸ γὰρ μὴ αἰσχυνθῆναι ὅτι αὐτίκα ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἐξελεγχθήσονται ἔργῳ, ἐπειδὰν μηδ᾽ ὁπωστιοῦν φαίνωμαι δεινὸς λέγειν, τοῦτό μοι ἔδοξεν αὐτῶν ἀναισχυντότατον εἶναι, εἰ μὴ ἄρα δεινὸν καλοῦσιν οὗτοι λέγειν τὸν τἀληθῆ λέγοντα: εἰ μὲν γὰρ τοῦτο λέγουσιν, ὁμολογοίην ἂν ἔγωγε οὐ κατὰ τούτους εἶναι ῥήτωρ. οὗτοι μὲν οὖν, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ λέγω, ἤ τι ἢ οὐδὲν ἀληθὲς εἰρήκασιν, ὑμεῖς δέ μου ἀκούσεσθε πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν—οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, κεκαλλιεπημένους γε λόγους, ὥσπερ οἱ τούτων, ῥήμασί τε καὶ ὀνόμασιν οὐδὲ κεκοσμημένους, ἀλλ᾽ ἀκούσεσθε εἰκῇ λεγόμενα τοῖς ἐπιτυχοῦσιν ὀνόμασιν—πιστεύω γὰρ δίκαια εἶναι ἃ λέγω—καὶ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν προσδοκησάτω ἄλλως: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν δήπου πρέποι, ὦ ἄνδρες, τῇδε τῇ ἡλικίᾳ ὥσπερ μειρακίῳ πλάττοντι λόγους εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσιέναι.
That they are not ashamed because they will be refuted at once by my work, when I appear in no way whatsoever to speak cleverly, I think this is the most shameful of them, unless they call the one who speaks the truth a clever speaker. For if they say this, then I agree that I myself am a public speaker, but not in accordance with them. Now they, just as I say, speak virtually nothing of the truth, you will hear the whole truth, but not by Zeus, Gentlemen of Athens, the refined works, like their words, with sayings and individual words, nothing embellished, but you will hear randomly said by words as they appear to me - for I trust that what I say is just - and none of you expect otherwise, for surely nothing is clearly seen, gentlemen, for me at this age as if I were a young man coming before you forming lies.
17c6: καὶ μέντοι καὶ πάνυ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τοῦτο ὑμῶν δέομαι καὶ παρίεμαι: ἐὰν διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν λόγων ἀκούητέ μου ἀπολογουμένου δι᾽ ὧνπερ εἴωθα λέγειν καὶ ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐπὶ τῶν τραπεζῶν, ἵνα ὑμῶν πολλοὶ ἀκηκόασι, καὶ ἄλλοθι, μήτε θαυμάζειν μήτε θορυβεῖν τούτου ἕνεκα. ἔχει γὰρ οὑτωσί.
And indeed, gentlemen, I very much beg this of you and entreat: if you hear me defending myself through the same words which I am accustomed to speak in the market place at the tables, where many of you heard me, and elsewhere, and not to be amazed nor make an uproar on account of this. For this is exactly how it is.
ἵνα + indic. means ‘where’
ἔχει- ἔχω + adv means ‘hold oneself or continue in a certain state’ and is equivalent to εἰμι + adj.
17d2: νῦν ἐγὼ πρῶτον ἐπὶ δικαστήριον ἀναβέβηκα, ἔτη γεγονὼς ἑβδομήκοντα: ἀτεχνῶς οὖν ξένως ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως. ὥσπερ οὖν ἄν, εἰ τῷ ὄντι ξένος ἐτύγχανον ὤν, συνεγιγνώσκετε δήπου ἄν μοι εἰ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ φωνῇ τε καὶ τῷ τρόπῳ ἔλεγον ἐν οἷσπερ ἐτεθράμμην, καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν τοῦτο ὑμῶν δέομαι δίκαιον, ὥς γέ μοι δοκῶ, τὸν μὲν τρόπον τῆς λέξεως ἐᾶν—ἴσως μὲν γὰρ χείρων, ἴσως δὲ βελτίων ἂν εἴη—αὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο σκοπεῖν καὶ τούτῳ τὸν νοῦν προσέχειν, εἰ δίκαια λέγω ἢ μή: δικαστοῦ μὲν γὰρ αὕτη ἀρετή, ῥήτορος δὲ τἀληθῆ λέγειν.
Now, for the first time, I am appearing in court, having attained 70 years. In fact, I am literally a stranger to the speeches of this place. Just as if I really happened to be a stranger, you would perhaps pardon me, if I spoke in this voice and manner in which I was raised, and so now, I ask this just thing of you, at least as it seems to me, to allow the manner of speech- equally it may be worse, but it may be better- and consider this very thing and offer your mind to this, whether or not I speak justly. For this is the virtue of a judge, as it is for a politician to speak the truth.
τῷ ὄντι: dat of respect, ‘with respect to what is’
ὥσπερ οὖν…συνεγιγνώσκετε ἄν: unreal, present conditional.
μοι δοκῶ: translate impersonally.
ἐᾶν: inf. of ἐαω ‘I allow’ ‘forget’.
18a7: πρῶτον μὲν οὖν δίκαιός εἰμι ἀπολογήσασθαι, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πρὸς τὰ πρῶτά μου ψευδῆ κατηγορημένα καὶ τοὺς πρώτους κατηγόρους, ἔπειτα δὲ πρὸς τὰ ὕστερον καὶ τοὺς ὑστέρους. ἐμοῦ γὰρ πολλοὶ κατήγοροι γεγόνασι πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ πάλαι πολλὰ ἤδη ἔτη καὶ οὐδὲν ἀληθὲς λέγοντες, οὓς ἐγὼ μᾶλλον φοβοῦμαι ἢ τοὺς ἀμφὶ Ἄνυτον, καίπερ ὄντας καὶ τούτους δεινούς: ἀλλ᾽ ἐκεῖνοι δεινότεροι, ὦ ἄνδρες, οἳ ὑμῶν τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐκ παίδων παραλαμβάνοντες ἔπειθόν τε καὶ κατηγόρουν ἐμοῦ μᾶλλον οὐδὲν ἀληθές, ὡς ἔστιν τις Σωκράτης σοφὸς ἀνήρ, τά τε μετέωρα φροντιστὴς καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ γῆς πάντα ἀνεζητηκὼς καὶ τὸν ἥττω λόγον κρείττω ποιῶν.
First, gentlemen of Athens, I am justified defending myself to the first accusation spoken against me and the first accusers, then to the later accusations and accusers. For many years already, the many accusers have produced (accusations) against me to you, but they speak nothing of the truth, whom I fear more than those around Anytus, although they are terrible enough. But these men are more terrible, gentlemen, who took many of you in hand from childhood and persuaded/mislead you, and spoke nothing truthful against me, saying that there is a Socrates, a wise man, a deep thinker who investigated things in the upper air and everything by land, and makes lesser words greater.
18c1: οὗτοι, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, οἱ ταύτην τὴν φήμην κατασκεδάσαντες, οἱ δεινοί εἰσίν μου κατήγοροι: οἱ γὰρ ἀκούοντες ἡγοῦνται τοὺς ταῦτα ζητοῦντας οὐδὲ θεοὺς νομίζειν. ἔπειτά εἰσιν οὗτοι οἱ κατήγοροι πολλοὶ καὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἤδη κατηγορηκότες, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡλικίᾳ λέγοντες πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ᾗ ἂν μάλιστα ἐπιστεύσατε, παῖδες ὄντες ἔνιοι ὑμῶν καὶ μειράκια, ἀτεχνῶς ἐρήμην κατηγοροῦντες ἀπολογουμένου οὐδενός. ὃ δὲ πάντων ἀλογώτατον, ὅτι οὐδὲ τὰ ὀνόματα οἷόν τε αὐτῶν εἰδέναι καὶ εἰπεῖν, πλὴν εἴ τις κωμῳδοποιὸς τυγχάνει ὤν.
These men, gentlemen of Athens, have spread this rumour, these clever men are my accusers. Their listeners believe that those who seek these things don’t believe in gods. Then there are many accusers and they have been making accusations for a long time indeed, yet speaking to you in the time of life in which you were very trusting, some of you being children or youths, they simply accused an undefended (case?) with no one speaking in defence. What is most unreasonable of all is that it is not possible to know or say the names of them, unless one happens to be a comic poet.
ἂν… ἐπιστεύσατε: αν with past indic. = unreal conditions, repeated past action, and past potential.
οἷόν τε: supply ἐστι: it is possible.
18d1: ὅσοι δὲ φθόνῳ καὶ διαβολῇ χρώμενοι ὑμᾶς ἀνέπειθον—οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ πεπεισμένοι ἄλλους πείθοντες—οὗτοι πάντες ἀπορώτατοί εἰσιν: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀναβιβάσασθαι οἷόν τ᾽ ἐστὶν αὐτῶν ἐνταυθοῖ οὐδ᾽ ἐλέγξαι οὐδένα, ἀλλ᾽ ἀνάγκη ἀτεχνῶς ὥσπερ σκιαμαχεῖν ἀπολογούμενόν τε καὶ ἐλέγχειν μηδενὸς ἀποκρινομένου. ἀξιώσατε οὖν καὶ ὑμεῖς, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ λέγω, διττούς μου τοὺς κατηγόρους γεγονέναι, ἑτέρους μὲν τοὺς ἄρτι κατηγορήσαντας, ἑτέρους δὲ τοὺς πάλαι οὓς ἐγὼ λέγω, καὶ οἰήθητε δεῖν πρὸς ἐκείνους πρῶτόν με ἀπολογήσασθαι: καὶ γὰρ ὑμεῖς ἐκείνων πρότερον ἠκούσατε κατηγορούντων καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἢ τῶνδε τῶν ὕστερον.
As many as those who persuaded you, using malice and slander, having persuaded themselves convinced others, all of these are the hardest to deal with. For it is not possible to bring them to court and examine them, but it is necessary for the one defending himself to fight as if against a shadow and to cross examine with no one replying. In fact, expect, even as I speak, that my accusers occur twofold: some who are accusing just now, the others, whom I speak, accused me long ago, and think it necessary for me to defend myself against these first. For you heard their accusations before and for much longer than these later ones.
οὐδ᾽… οὐδένα: makes a single negative.
