Plato/Aristotle Flashcards
In the cave myth, what does the cave represent
Material world
In the cave myth, what does the outside of the cave represent
Ideal world
in the cave myth what does the fire represent
the Sun
In the cave myth what does the sun(shine) represent
the Good
In the cave myth what does the darkness represent
Ignorance
IN the cave myth what do the other prisoners represent
People of Athens
In the cave myth what does the prisoner leaving represent
The soul going into the ideal world
What is cave myth represent
the divided line
How is the returned prisoner like Socrates
- They both know things others don’t and wants to share knowledge
- Both threatened with death
- Both made fun of
What does it mean that the Good is a source with no source
The Good created things but nothing created the good
Where is the cave located
underground
What is the only thing the prisoners can see
shadows
What do the prisoners say when he returns to the cave
That he ruined his vision and they will kill him if he tries to do the same to them
How is the prisoner hurt both physically and mentally each time he reaches a new level
physically: His eyes adjusting every time
mentally: he learns his whole world is a lie
What does Plato question about being good
Why be good if can get away with being bad
what does “thrash” say about rules and society
They aren’t meant to benefit society
What object is the best
The one that does the intended job best
What does it mean when someone is unhappy
There is disharmony among the parts of the soul
Who is Socrates talking with in the symposium
Diotima
what is the Equation for romantic love
Love= Need + Resourcefulness
What two ways can humans become immortal
children
legacy
What is the bottom step of the the love ladder
a beautiful body (physical attraction)
what is the second step of the love ladder
All beautiful bodies (everything is great)
what is the third step of the love ladder
A beautiful soul( who one truly is)
what is the fourth step on the love ladder
beauty of laws and institutions (how someone is raised)
what is fifth step on the love ladder
the beauty of knowledge
what is sixth step on the love ladder
Beauty its self (perfect form)
what is the top (optional) step on the love ladder
the Good
why is beautiful body the lowest step
- it is the easiest
- First one we are introduced to
- As we move up the ladder it becomes less important
What is the function of the reason part of the soul
guide
what is the human type of the reason part of the soul
philosophical
what is the suggested profession for the reason part of the soul
philosopher/king
what is the function for the desire part of the soul
motivate
what is the human type for the desire part of the soul
avaricious
what is the suggested profession for the desire part of the soul
laborer
what is the function of the spirit part of the soul
animates
what is the human type for the spirit part of the soul
competitive
what is suggested profession pf the spirit part of the soul
army/solider
how is Aristotle worldview similar to a doctors
he uses his reason and senses to determine causes
why does aristotle invent logic
- to discredit sophists
- use as an everyday life tool
what is aristotle definition of wisdom
knowing what it is and why it is
how do we find truth of an object
by focusing on the object
how do we focus on an object
find the causes
what are four causes and what do they mean
Material: what something is made of
formal: its definition
efficient: the source
Final: the purpose or use
define telos with an example
end goal
Ex: getting a job
define Entelechy with an example
death, growing old
What are Aristotle problem with the forms
- no connection between forms and Forms
- Plato does not explain how Forms create different versions of themselves
- cars, phones
what is the name of Aristotle’s school
lyceum
what is the name of the text book painting
school of Athens
who trusts their senses more: plato or Aristotle
Aris
what is aistotles formula for substance and what is his formula for a human
substance= matter+form human= body+soul
what does aris call god
unmoving mover
when defining God, what does movement mean
creation
true or false, plants, animals ad humans all have souls
true
what kind of soul do plants have
nutritive
what kind of soul do humans have
rational
what kind of soul do animals have
sensitive
where does aris think the soul is located
within the body
true or false all classes of beings have the same soul
true
what happens to the soul when our bodies die
it ceases to exists
can you separate the soul and body
no they are one.
what is Aris eye analogy
seeing is apart of the eye but you cannot separate seeing from the eye. The body is the eye and seeing is the soul/reason
What is Aris book called
Nicomachean Ethics
what is the only thin with instinct value
happiness
what are the two kinds of value
intrinsically valuable
extrinsically valuable
what are the two types of lives that are not the happiest
pleasure
fame
why would a life of pleasure be unhappy
- short lived
- too animalistic
why would a life of fame be unhappy
- dependent on others
- short lived
how do we discover happiness
look a the functions of humans
what are requirements for happiness
- special skill(s)
- wisdom
- exercise virtue
- pleasure
- external goods
what are we praised for
virtues
how do we get virtues
habits
learned and the more we do the better we get
what are we blamed for
our vices
for each virtue how man corresponding vices are there
two
define virtue
the mean between two vices/extremes
define mean
the appropriate amount of virtue for a situation
what is the purpose of reason in ethics
to find the mean
in The School of Athens what way is Plato and Aristotle pointing?
plato: up
Aris: out
