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philosophy 101 > Plato/Aristotle > Flashcards

Plato/Aristotle Flashcards

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1
Q

In the cave myth, what does the cave represent

A

Material world

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2
Q

In the cave myth, what does the outside of the cave represent

A

Ideal world

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3
Q

in the cave myth what does the fire represent

A

the Sun

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4
Q

In the cave myth what does the sun(shine) represent

A

the Good

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5
Q

In the cave myth what does the darkness represent

A

Ignorance

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6
Q

IN the cave myth what do the other prisoners represent

A

People of Athens

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7
Q

In the cave myth what does the prisoner leaving represent

A

The soul going into the ideal world

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8
Q

What is cave myth represent

A

the divided line

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9
Q

How is the returned prisoner like Socrates

A
  • They both know things others don’t and wants to share knowledge
  • Both threatened with death
  • Both made fun of
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10
Q

What does it mean that the Good is a source with no source

A

The Good created things but nothing created the good

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11
Q

Where is the cave located

A

underground

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12
Q

What is the only thing the prisoners can see

A

shadows

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13
Q

What do the prisoners say when he returns to the cave

A

That he ruined his vision and they will kill him if he tries to do the same to them

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14
Q

How is the prisoner hurt both physically and mentally each time he reaches a new level

A

physically: His eyes adjusting every time
mentally: he learns his whole world is a lie

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15
Q

What does Plato question about being good

A

Why be good if can get away with being bad

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16
Q

what does “thrash” say about rules and society

A

They aren’t meant to benefit society

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17
Q

What object is the best

A

The one that does the intended job best

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18
Q

What does it mean when someone is unhappy

A

There is disharmony among the parts of the soul

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19
Q

Who is Socrates talking with in the symposium

A

Diotima

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20
Q

what is the Equation for romantic love

A

Love= Need + Resourcefulness

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21
Q

What two ways can humans become immortal

A

children

legacy

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22
Q

What is the bottom step of the the love ladder

A

a beautiful body (physical attraction)

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23
Q

what is the second step of the love ladder

A

All beautiful bodies (everything is great)

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24
Q

what is the third step of the love ladder

A

A beautiful soul( who one truly is)

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25
Q

what is the fourth step on the love ladder

A

beauty of laws and institutions (how someone is raised)

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26
Q

what is fifth step on the love ladder

A

the beauty of knowledge

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27
Q

what is sixth step on the love ladder

A

Beauty its self (perfect form)

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28
Q

what is the top (optional) step on the love ladder

A

the Good

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29
Q

why is beautiful body the lowest step

A
  • it is the easiest
  • First one we are introduced to
  • As we move up the ladder it becomes less important
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30
Q

What is the function of the reason part of the soul

A

guide

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31
Q

what is the human type of the reason part of the soul

A

philosophical

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32
Q

what is the suggested profession for the reason part of the soul

A

philosopher/king

33
Q

what is the function for the desire part of the soul

A

motivate

34
Q

what is the human type for the desire part of the soul

A

avaricious

35
Q

what is the suggested profession for the desire part of the soul

A

laborer

36
Q

what is the function of the spirit part of the soul

A

animates

37
Q

what is the human type for the spirit part of the soul

A

competitive

38
Q

what is suggested profession pf the spirit part of the soul

A

army/solider

39
Q

how is Aristotle worldview similar to a doctors

A

he uses his reason and senses to determine causes

40
Q

why does aristotle invent logic

A
  • to discredit sophists

- use as an everyday life tool

41
Q

what is aristotle definition of wisdom

A

knowing what it is and why it is

42
Q

how do we find truth of an object

A

by focusing on the object

43
Q

how do we focus on an object

A

find the causes

44
Q

what are four causes and what do they mean

A

Material: what something is made of
formal: its definition
efficient: the source
Final: the purpose or use

45
Q

define telos with an example

A

end goal

Ex: getting a job

46
Q

define Entelechy with an example

A

death, growing old

47
Q

What are Aristotle problem with the forms

A
  • no connection between forms and Forms
  • Plato does not explain how Forms create different versions of themselves
    - cars, phones
48
Q

what is the name of Aristotle’s school

A

lyceum

49
Q

what is the name of the text book painting

A

school of Athens

50
Q

who trusts their senses more: plato or Aristotle

A

Aris

51
Q

what is aistotles formula for substance and what is his formula for a human

A 
substance= matter+form 
human= body+soul
52
Q

what does aris call god

A

unmoving mover

53
Q

when defining God, what does movement mean

A

creation

54
Q

true or false, plants, animals ad humans all have souls

A

true

55
Q

what kind of soul do plants have

A

nutritive

56
Q

what kind of soul do humans have

A

rational

57
Q

what kind of soul do animals have

A

sensitive

58
Q

where does aris think the soul is located

A

within the body

59
Q

true or false all classes of beings have the same soul

A

true

60
Q

what happens to the soul when our bodies die

A

it ceases to exists

61
Q

can you separate the soul and body

A

no they are one.

62
Q

what is Aris eye analogy

A

seeing is apart of the eye but you cannot separate seeing from the eye. The body is the eye and seeing is the soul/reason

63
Q

What is Aris book called

A

Nicomachean Ethics

64
Q

what is the only thin with instinct value

A

happiness

65
Q

what are the two kinds of value

A

intrinsically valuable

extrinsically valuable

66
Q

what are the two types of lives that are not the happiest

A

pleasure

fame

67
Q

why would a life of pleasure be unhappy

A
  • short lived

- too animalistic

68
Q

why would a life of fame be unhappy

A
  • dependent on others

- short lived

69
Q

how do we discover happiness

A

look a the functions of humans

70
Q

what are requirements for happiness

A
  • special skill(s)
  • wisdom
  • exercise virtue
  • pleasure
  • external goods
71
Q

what are we praised for

A

virtues

72
Q

how do we get virtues

A

habits

learned and the more we do the better we get

73
Q

what are we blamed for

A

our vices

74
Q

for each virtue how man corresponding vices are there

A

two

75
Q

define virtue

A

the mean between two vices/extremes

76
Q

define mean

A

the appropriate amount of virtue for a situation

77
Q

what is the purpose of reason in ethics

A

to find the mean

78
Q

in The School of Athens what way is Plato and Aristotle pointing?

A

plato: up
Aris: out

philosophy 101 (3 decks)

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