intro/Socrates/Euthyphro/apology Flashcards
what does philosophia mean
philo- the love of
sophia- wisdom
what is the difference between a philosophical and nonphilosophical question?
philosophical- no one answer
nonphilosophical- based in fact. one for sure answer
what is ethics
study of right and wrong
what is metaphysics
study of reality
what is epistemology
study of knowledge
what is ontology
the study of being/existing
what is aesthetics
the study of beauty
what is logic
the study of valid reasoning
what are philosophers who came before Socrates called
pre-Socratics
what question did pre-socratics strive to answer
what is the origin of the world
define piety/pious
good
was socrates known for writing books
no.
who is the main source of information about Socrates
plato
Were Socrates dialogues written before or after he died
after
what are the early platonic dialogues
Euthyphro, Crito, Apology
What does it mean that the outcome of earl dialogues were negative
No one agreed upon solution
the participant in an early dialogue had to admit what in the end
ignorance
in what year(s) was Socrates born
470/69
What did Socrates parents do
sculptor and a midwife
Socrates did not give birth to original ideas. what did he do
Examines others ideas and looks for falsehoods and consistency
was Socrates considered handsome or ugly?
ugly
Where did socrates hold most of his conversations
public places
The Sophists were teachers of what
excellence
what fascinated socrates
human life
Did socrates have a school
no
did socrates charge people
no
was socrates a teacher
no
did the sophists have schools
yes
were the sophists teachers
yes
did the sophists charge money
yes
the sophists used the art of communication to do what
win an argument
Socrates used the art of communication to do what
to reach the truth
what is dialectics
the way Socrates communicates with others
proposal- question-difficulties with it- new propsoal- questions
using dialectics often ended i error or truth
error
“the unexamined life…”
“is not worth living”
what is euthyphro occupation
priest
who is indicting Socrates
Meletus
where do Socrates and Eu see each other
court
What has Socrates been accuse of in regards of the gods
Creates new gods and disregards the old ones
Who is Eu taking to court and what is the charge
his father, murder
What does Socrates tell Euthyphro he wants to become
his student/pupil
What does Eu say piety is initially
What is wrong with this
To prosecute the wrong doer
It is an action not a definition
What is he first actual Definition Eu gives for piety
whats wrong with it
What is dear to the Gods is pious
The gods don’t all agree on pious actions
What is Eus second definition of piety
What is wrong with it
Piety is what ALL gods love
the love of gods is a characteristic of piety not a definition and the gods can never agree on whats good
If piety is what all gods love that leaves us with what two options
- The love of all the gods causes piety
2. All gods love is the effect of piety (see piety then love it)
What idea does Socrates introduce to Eu for the third definition of piety
Justice
What analogy does Socrates use to help Euthyphro understand the question “ what part of justice is piety?”
fear/shame
What is Euthyphros third definition
what is wrong with it
Piety is caring for the gods
Humans can’t care for the gods because gods are perfect
what does it mean to sacrifice
to give
what does it mean to pray
to beg
What is Euthyphros fourth definition
what is wrong with it
Piety is knowledge, prayer and sacrifice
We sacrifice what is dear to us. But it isn’t dear to all the gods
What does apology mean
defense
What happens if someone is found guilty in court
each side offers a punishment and the jury votes on which one
Socrates wanted the jury to focus on what in speeches instead of what?
focus on content not on form
Why were the old accusers of socrates worse than the new ones?
The old ones had been slandering him since the jury was young
older accusations were to a deeper extent
What is an oracle?
all knowing being
Why does Socrates tell the jury about the oracle
to show where his reputation began
what does it mean to be wise
to know what you know, to know what you don’t know
What happens when Socrates questions the public man about being wise
The man gives the wrong answer and gets man when Socrates tells him that
What three(3) professions does Socrates start to question
Politicians, poets, craftsmen
Which of the three professions could not explain their work
poets
Socrates spends little time doing what during the apology
refuting meletus
Why would the jury say socrates should be ashamed
His chosen life has lead him to the possibility of life
what does put morality before mortality mean when making a decision
do not look at the possibility of life/death but if the action is good/bad
why does Socrates bring up the Iliad by Homer
to show how much like Achilles, he put his values above his life. to show he is the Achilles of Philosophy
When does Socrates Divine Sign appear
When he is about to do something bad
what would people today call a divine sign
Conscience
Towards the end of the apology what does Socrates ask for
the people he has “corrupted” to come fourth or send someone to represent them
Why does Socrates refuse to beg
- He is old and is going to die soon anyway
- Begging is beneath him because he isn’t guilty
- He isn’t afraid of death
- Athens Reputation will suffer if he goes free
What did Socrates say to those who voted him guilty
- Vengeance will come after his death
- They only voted guilty because he did not beg and he knows that
- Younger people will continue to question them and they will be harder to deal with
what did Socrates say to those who voted him innocent
- His divine sign was silent so he knows he said the right things.
- He was dying for morality
- Death is either an endless sleep or relocation of the soul
What does Socrates suggest as his punishment?
free meals
What does Socrates request the jury do when he is gone?
watch after his kids
who do some believe to be “the god” Socrates talks about
Apollo
Only who knows if life or death is better
the god
