Plato Apology by James J. Helm 32a9 – c3 (page 60)

Question 1

Translate:

ἐγὼ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἄλλην μὲν ἀρχὴν οὐδεμίαν πώποτε ἦρξα ἐν τῇ πόλει, ἐβούλευσα δέ· καὶ ἔτυχεν ἡμῶν ἡ φυλὴ Ἀντιοχὶς πρυτανεύουσα ὅτε ὑμεῖς τοὺς δέκα στρατηγοὺς τοὺς οὐκ ἀνελομένους τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας ἐβουλεύσασθε ἁθρόους κρίνειν, παρανόμως, ὡς ἐν τῷ ὑστέρῳ χρόνῳ πᾶσιν ὑμῖν ἔδοξεν.

Answer 1

For I, Athenian men, never yet held another office in the city, but I served on the council; and our tribe, Antiochis, happened to be serving as president when you decided (by resolution of the Council) to try the ten generals as a group for not picking up for burial those men from the sea battle, lawlessly, as it seemed to all of you at a later time.

Question 2

Translate:

ἄλλην

Answer 2

feminine accusative singular of ἄλλος, other, another

Question 3

ἀρχὴν

Answer 3

feminine singular accusative of ἀρχή, rule or beginning (Doherty); (1) beginning, origin (2) sovereignty, dominion, authority (3) the end of a rope or stick, the corner of a sheet (Wiktionary)

Question 4

οὐδεμίαν

Answer 4

adjective, singular feminine accusative of οὐδείς, οὐδεμια, οὐδέν, no one, nothing (Helms); no one, nobody, none, nothing, no (Wiktionary)

Question 5

πώποτε

Answer 5

ever yet (Perseus); (1) (Epic, always with a negative) never yet (2) (later also without a negative) ever (at any time)

Question 6

ἐβούλευσα

Answer 6

first person singular aorist active indicative of βουλεύω: I plan, deliberate, serve in the council - “I was a member of the Council (βουλή)”, a body of five hundred citizens elected annually by lot who prepared the agenda for the Assembly, deliberated issues in advance, and made recommendations to it.

Question 7

ἔτυχεν

Answer 7

3rd person singular aorist active indicative of τυγχάνω: chance, happen (I, II) A supplementary participle often has the greater importance: τυγχάνει ὄν: happens to be, is (II)

Question 8

φυλή

Answer 8

tribe, clan

Question 9

πρυτανεύουσα

Answer 9

participle, singular present active feminine nominative of πρυτανεύω – I preside; act as presiding officer; at Athens, hold the presidency (LSJ); hold the presidency (Logeion)

Question 10

ὅτε

Answer 10

when

Question 11

ἀνελομένους

Answer 11

participle, plural aorist middle masculine accusative of ἀναιρέω: take up (II); (of an oracle) respond; mid.: take up (for burial) (PP).

Question 12

ἐβουλεύσασθε

Answer 12

verb 2nd plural aorist indicative middle of βουλεύω, I deliberate, plan; serve in the council; “you decided (by resolution of the Council)”

Question 13

ἁθρόους

Answer 13

adjective plural masculine accusative of ἀθρόος, in crowds, heaps (Perseus), (1) in groups (2) together, as a whole, all at once (Wiktionary); as a group (Helms)

Question 14

κρίνειν

Answer 14

present active infinitive of κρίνω: judge, try, decide

Question 15

παρανόμως

Answer 15

lawlessly, adverb of παράνομος, lawless, unlawful, violent

Question 16

ὡς

Answer 16

in exclamations, how…! (Athenaze 6β, p. 99); + future participle to express purpose, to (Athenaze 10 Grammar 7 p. 197 and 15 Grammar 6α); as (Athenaze 13β p. 257 and 15 Gr 6a); when (Athenaze 14β, p. 282)

Question 17

ὑστέρῳ

Answer 17

masculine singular dative of ὕστερος, -α, -ον: later

Question 18

πᾶσιν

Answer 18

dative plural masculine/neuter of πᾶς (pâs) (1) (in the plural) all, every, each (2) (in the singular) whole

Question 19

τότ᾽ ἐγὼ μόνος τῶν πρυτάνεων ἠναντιώθην ὑμῖν μηδὲν ποιεῖν παρὰ τοὺς νόμους καὶ ἐναντία ἐψηφισάμην· καὶ ἑτοίμων ὄντων ἐνδεικνύναι με καὶ ἀπάγειν τῶν ῥητόρων, καὶ ὑμῶν κελευόντων καὶ βοώντων, μετὰ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τοῦ δικαίου ᾤμην μᾶλλόν με δεῖν διακινδυνεύειν ἢ μεθ᾽ ὑμῶν γενέσθαι μὴ δίκαια βουλευομένων, φοβηθέντα δεσμὸν ἢ θάνατον.

Answer 19

Then I only of the committee members opposed you doing anything contrary to the laws and voted against it; and the orators were prepared to indict and arrest me, and you were ordering this and shouting, I thought rather that I ought to run the risk of danger with the law and justice rather than side with you in planning unjust things, because I feared [lit., fearing] imprisonment or death.

Question 20

τότ᾽

Answer 20

τότε: then

Question 21

πρυτάνεων

Answer 21

prytaneis (Doherty), committee members

Question 22

ἠναντιώθην

Answer 22

I opossed - 1st person singular aorist passive indicative of ἐναντιόω, I oppose

Question 23

μηδὲν

Answer 23

“anything” (redundant μη with ἠναντιώθην—see 31d5 note in Helms).

Question 24

ἐναντία

Answer 24

adjective plural neuter accusative of ἐναντίος, opposite, opposed (Doherty)

Question 25

ἐψηφισάμην

Answer 25

I voted - 1st person singular aorist middle of ψηφίζομαι, which is first-person singular indicative present mediopassive of ψηφίζω (psēphízō), I vote

Question 26

ἑτοίμων

Answer 26

adjective m/f/n of ἑτοῖμος, ready, prepared (Perseus and Helms)

Question 27

ἐνδεικνύναι

Answer 27

present active infinitive of ἐνδείκνυμι, mark, point out (Perseus); point out, indicate, show; indict, impeach (Helms PP).

Question 28

ἀπάγειν

Answer 28

present active infinitive of ἀπάγω, lead away, carry off (Perseus)

Question 29

ἐνδεικνύναι με καὶ ἀπάγειν

Answer 29

“to indict and arrest me” (Helms p. 61)

Question 30

ᾤμην

Answer 30

1st singular imperfect indicative mediopassive syncope of οἵομαι, I think

Question 31

δεῖν

Answer 31

present active infinitive of δέω: (1) bind, imprison (II, PP), (2) need, lack; mid.: ask, beg (II, PP).
δεῖ + infinitive: it is necessary, one ought

Question 32

διακινδυνεύειν

Answer 32

to run the risk from [δια]κινδυνεύω, I run the risk

Question 33

μεθ᾽ ὑμῶν γενέσθαι

Answer 33

“side with you”

Question 34

βουλευομένων

Answer 34

participle plural present mediopassive masculine/feminine/neuter genitive of βουλεύω, I plan, deliberate; serve in the council

Question 35

φοβηθέντα

Answer 35

participle singular aorist passive masculine accusative of φοβέω: frighten, terrify; mid. fear, be afraid of, dread (I, II, PP)

Question 36

δεσμὸν

Answer 36

noun sg masculine accusative of δεσμός, bondage, imprisonment